Optimizing clopidogrel dose response: a new clinical algorithm comprising CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics and drug interactions
Autor: | Yolande B. Saab, Rony M. Zeenny, Wijdan H Ramadan |
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Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Drug
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management media_common.quotation_subject genotype CYP2C19 Pharmacology genetic testing Therapeutic index medicine Pharmacology (medical) cardiovascular diseases General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics media_common Original Research pharmacogenetics Chemical Health and Safety business.industry Therapeutic effect Area under the curve General Medicine Concomitant drug Clopidogrel individualized therapy business Safety Research Pharmacogenetics medicine.drug circulatory and respiratory physiology |
Zdroj: | Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management BASE-Bielefeld Academic Search Engine |
ISSN: | 1176-6336 |
Popis: | Yolande B Saab,1 Rony Zeenny,2 Wijdan H Ramadan2 1School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, 2School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon Purpose: Response to clopidogrel varies widely with nonresponse rates ranging from 4% to 30%. A reduced function of the gene variant of the CYP2C19 has been associated with lower drug metabolite levels, and hence diminished platelet inhibition. Drugs that alter CYP2C19 activity may also mimic genetic variants. The aim of the study is to investigate the cumulative effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms and drug interactions that affects clopidogrel dosing, and apply it into a new clinical-pharmacogenetic algorithm that can be used by clinicians in optimizing clopidogrel-based treatment. Method: Clopidogrel dose optimization was analyzed based on two main parameters that affect clopidogrel metabolite area under the curve: different CYP2C19 genotypes and concomitant drug intake. Clopidogrel adjusted dose was computed based on area under the curve ratios for different CYP2C19 genotypes when a drug interacting with CYP2C19 is added to clopidogrel treatment. A clinical-pharmacogenetic algorithm was developed based on whether clopidogrel shows 1) expected effect as per indication, 2) little or no effect, or 3) clinical features that patients experience and fit with clopidogrel adverse drug reactions. Results: The study results show that all patients under clopidogrel treatment, whose genotypes are different from *1*1, and concomitantly taking other drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 require clopidogrel dose adjustment. To get a therapeutic effect and avoid adverse drug reactions, therapeutic dose of 75 mg clopidogrel, for example, should be lowered to 6 mg or increased to 215 mg in patients with different genotypes. Conclusion: The implementation of clopidogrel new algorithm has the potential to maximize the benefit of clopidogrel pharmacological therapy. Clinicians would be able to personalize treatment to enhance efficacy and limit toxicity. Keywords: pharmacogenetics, genotype, genetic testing, individualized therapyA Letter to the Editor has been received and published for this article. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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