A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds
Autor: | Laura Benítez, Daniel A. Truchado, Richard A. J. Williams |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
040301 veterinary sciences prevalence Population host range Zoology Disease Biology Microbiology 0403 veterinary science 03 medical and health sciences medicine High population education Molecular Biology Genus Avipoxvirus Epizootic wild bird declines 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study avian poxvirus High prevalence virus diseases 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences medicine.disease Avipoxvirus biology.organism_classification QR1-502 epidemiology Detection rate |
Zdroj: | Microbiology Research, Vol 12, Iss 28, Pp 403-418 (2021) |
ISSN: | 2036-7481 |
DOI: | 10.3390/microbiolres12020028 |
Popis: | Avian pox is a widespread infection in birds caused by genus Avipoxvirus pathogens. It is a noteworthy, potentially lethal disease to wild and domestic hosts. It can produce two different conditions: cutaneous pox, and diphtheritic pox. Here, we carry out an exhaustive review of all cases of avian pox reported from wild birds to analyze the effect and distribution in different avian species. Avian poxvirus strains have been detected in at least 374 wild bird species, a 60% increase on a 1999 review on avian pox hosts. We also analyze epizootic cases and if this disease contributes to wild bird population declines. We frequently observe very high prevalence in wild birds in remote island groups, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, etc., representing a major risk for the conservation of their unique endemic avifauna. However, the difference in prevalence between islands and continents is not significant given the few available studies. Morbidity and mortality can also be very high in captive birds, due to high population densities. However, despite the importance of the disease, the current detection rate of new Avipoxvirus strains suggests that diversity is incomplete for this group, and more research is needed to clarify its real extent, particularly in wild birds. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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