Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana: Bartonelloses Unique to South America
| Autor: | Vinetz, JM, Minnick, MF, Anderson, BE, Lima, A, Battisti, JM, Lawyer, PG, Birtles, RJ |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Veterinary medicine
Review Pathogenesis Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Bartonella bacilliformis Medicine and Health Sciences 0303 health sciences Ecology biology lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Neglected Diseases health_and_wellbeing Bacterial Pathogens 3. Good health Infectious Diseases Medical Microbiology Host-Pathogen Interactions Bartonella Infection Bartonella lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine lcsh:RC955-962 Secondary infection Zoology Microbiology Microbial Ecology 03 medical and health sciences Verruga peruana Microbial Control Bartonella Infections parasitic diseases medicine Animals Humans Microbial Pathogens 030304 developmental biology 030306 microbiology Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Oroya Biology and Life Sciences Outbreak lcsh:RA1-1270 Bacteriology Carrion's disease South America biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Insect Vectors Emerging Infectious Diseases Psychodidae |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e2919 (2014) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002919 |
| Popis: | Bartonella bacilliformis is the bacterial agent of Carrión's disease and is presumed to be transmitted between humans by phlebotomine sand flies. Carrión's disease is endemic to high-altitude valleys of the South American Andes, and the first reported outbreak (1871) resulted in over 4,000 casualties. Since then, numerous outbreaks have been documented in endemic regions, and over the last two decades, outbreaks have occurred at atypical elevations, strongly suggesting that the area of endemicity is expanding. Approximately 1.7 million South Americans are estimated to be at risk in an area covering roughly 145,000 km2 of Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. Although disease manifestations vary, two disparate syndromes can occur independently or sequentially. The first, Oroya fever, occurs approximately 60 days following the bite of an infected sand fly, in which infection of nearly all erythrocytes results in an acute hemolytic anemia with attendant symptoms of fever, jaundice, and myalgia. This phase of Carrión's disease often includes secondary infections and is fatal in up to 88% of patients without antimicrobial intervention. The second syndrome, referred to as verruga peruana, describes the endothelial cell-derived, blood-filled tumors that develop on the surface of the skin. Verrugae are rarely fatal, but can bleed and scar the patient. Moreover, these persistently infected humans provide a reservoir for infecting sand flies and thus maintaining B. bacilliformis in nature. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding this life-threatening, neglected bacterial pathogen and review its host-cell parasitism, molecular pathogenesis, phylogeny, sand fly vectors, diagnostics, and prospects for control. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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