Energy Transfer Mechanisms during Molecular Delivery to Cells by Laser-Activated Carbon Nanoparticles
| Autor: | Sean C. Kelly, Naresh N. Thadhani, Aritra Sengupta, Stefany Y. Holguin, Michael D. Gray, Mark R. Prausnitz |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Materials science Hot Temperature Biophysics Intracellular Space Nanoparticle Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology 7. Clean energy Chemical reaction Thermal expansion law.invention Cell membrane 03 medical and health sciences Soot law Cell Line Tumor Vaporization medicine Pressure Humans Lasers Biological Transport Nanosecond 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Laser 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Energy Transfer Cell Biophysics Nanoparticles 0210 nano-technology Intracellular |
| Zdroj: | Biophysical journal. 112(6) |
| ISSN: | 1542-0086 |
| Popis: | Previous studies have shown that exposure of carbon black nanoparticles to nanosecond pulsed near-infrared laser causes intracellular delivery of molecules through hypothesized transient breaks in the cell membrane. The goal of this study is to determine the underlying mechanisms of sequential energy transfer from laser light to nanoparticle to fluid medium to cell. We found that laser pulses on a timescale of 10 ns rapidly heat carbon nanoparticles to temperatures on the order of 1200 K. Heat is transferred from the nanoparticles to the surrounding aqueous medium on a similar timescale, causing vaporization of the surrounding water and generation of acoustic emissions. Nearby cells can be impacted thermally by the hot bubbles and mechanically by fluid mechanical forces to transiently increase cell membrane permeability. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that transfer of momentum and/or heat from the bubbles to the cells are the dominant mechanisms of energy transfer that results in intracellular uptake of molecules. We further conclude that neither thermal expansion of the nanoparticles nor a carbon-steam chemical reaction play a significant role in the observed effects on cells, and that acoustic pressure appears to be concurrent with, but not essential to, the observed bioeffects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|