Systemic Up-Regulation of TLR4 Causes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Augmentation of Nasal Cytokine Release in Allergic Rhinitis
| Autor: | R Virtala, Mikael Adner, Mattias Fransson, Lars-Olaf Cardell, A. K. Ekman, L Jansson, Mikael Benson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Lipopolysaccharides
Allergy Lipopolysaccharide medicine.medical_treatment Immunology Mucous membrane of nose Inflammation chemistry.chemical_compound Bone Marrow Leukocytes medicine Humans Immunology and Allergy Betula Innate immune system business.industry fungi Rhinitis Allergic Seasonal food and beverages General Medicine Allergens biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Nasal Lavage Fluid medicine.disease Toll-Like Receptor 2 Up-Regulation Toll-Like Receptor 4 Nasal Mucosa Cytokine chemistry Phleum TLR4 Cytokines Pollen medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 159:6-14 |
| ISSN: | 1423-0097 1018-2438 |
| DOI: | 10.1159/000335196 |
| Popis: | Background: Allergic rhinitis is a systemic disorder, and it is clinically well recognized that it can be aggravated by infection. Activation of the innate immune system constitutes a critical element in the process. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a part of the innate immune system, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of TLR4 represents bacterial-induced interactions in various model systems. The present study examines how TLR2 and TLR4 expression is affected by symptomatic allergic rhinitis, and if LPS added upon allergen affects nasal cytokine release. Methods: In patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis and healthy non-allergic volunteers, nasal lavage (NAL), peripheral blood and bone marrow were sampled before and during the pollen season. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was determined flow cytometrically. Changes in the TLR receptor expression pattern were evaluated by a nasal challenge with allergen followed by LPS, or vice versa. Symptoms along with cells and cytokines in NAL were analyzed. Results: TLR4 expression increased in leukocytes in NAL, peripheral blood and bone marrow during symptomatic allergic rhinitis. A similar increase was seen for TLR2 in neutrophils in blood. Nasal challenge with allergen followed by LPS augmented the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α. Conclusion: A systemic up-regulation of TLR4 in symptomatic allergic rhinitis may explain why LPS preceded by allergen increases nasal cytokine release. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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