Basic science behind the cardiovascular benefits of exercise

Autor: Mathew G Wilson, Georgina M. Ellison, N Tim Cable
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty
Sports medicine
Physical fitness
Hemodynamics
Cardiomegaly
Physical Therapy
Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Nitric Oxide
Risk Assessment
Ventricular Function
Left
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
RC1200
03 medical and health sciences
Oxygen Consumption
0302 clinical medicine
Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Risk Factors
medicine
Animals
Humans
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Cardiomegaly
Exercise-Induced
Exercise physiology
Growth Substances
Ventricular remodeling
Exercise
Ventricular Remodeling
business.industry
Cardiorespiratory fitness
General Medicine
Stroke volume
medicine.disease
Adaptation
Physiological
Up-Regulation
030104 developmental biology
Cardiovascular Diseases
Physical Fitness
Heart failure
Endothelium
Vascular
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Sports
Zdroj: Heart. 101:758-765
ISSN: 1468-201X
1355-6037
0032-5473
0306-3674
Popis: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease and all-cause mortality, with increases in cardiorespiratory fitness associated with corresponding decreases in CV disease risk. The effects of exercise upon the myocardium and vascular system are dependent upon the frequency, intensity and duration of the exercise itself. Following a prolonged period (≥6 months) of regular intensive exercise in previously untrained individuals, resting and submaximal exercising heart rates are typically 5-20 beats lower, with an increase in stroke volume of ∼20% and enhanced myocardial contractility. Structurally, all four heart chambers increase in volume with mild increases in wall thickness, resulting in greater cardiac mass due to increased myocardial cell size. With this in mind, the present paper aims to review the basic science behind the CV benefits of exercise. Attention will be paid to understanding (1) the relationship between exercise and cardiac remodelling; (2) the cardiac cellular and molecular adaptations in response to exercise, including the examination of molecular mechanisms of physiological cardiac growth and applying these mechanisms to identify new therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse pathological remodelling and heart failure; and (3) vascular adaptations in response to exercise. Finally, this review will briefly examine how to optimise the CV benefits of exercise by considering how much and how intense exercise should be.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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