Coordination of Tissue Cell Polarity by Auxin Transport and Signaling
| Autor: | Sree Janani Ravichandran, Carla Verna, Megan G. Sawchuk, Nguyen Manh Linh, Enrico Scarpella |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
0106 biological sciences Cell Arabidopsis Regulator Plant Biology 01 natural sciences vein patterning Plant Growth Regulators Cell polarity Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors heterocyclic compounds Biology (General) 2. Zero hunger chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences Chemistry General Neuroscience Vesicle Cell Polarity food and beverages General Medicine Auxin signaling Cell biology Membrane medicine.anatomical_structure Medicine leaf development Intracellular Research Article auxin signaling Signal Transduction QH301-705.5 Science General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences Auxin Plant Cells medicine Tissue cell 030304 developmental biology General Immunology and Microbiology Indoleacetic Acids Arabidopsis Proteins fungi auxin transport tissue cell polarity Transporter Multicellular organism 030104 developmental biology A. thaliana Plant Vascular Bundle Developmental biology Developmental Biology 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | eLife eLife, Vol 8 (2019) |
| Popis: | Plants coordinate the polarity of hundreds of cells during vein formation, but how they do so is unclear. The prevailing hypothesis proposes that GNOM, a regulator of membrane trafficking, positions PIN-FORMED auxin transporters to the correct side of the plasma membrane; the resulting cell-to-cell, polar transport of auxin would coordinate tissue cell polarity and induce vein formation. Contrary to predictions of the hypothesis, we find that vein formation occurs in the absence of PIN-FORMED or any other intercellular auxin-transporter; that the residual auxin-transport-independent vein-patterning activity relies on auxin signaling; and that a GNOM-dependent signal acts upstream of both auxin transport and signaling to coordinate tissue cell polarity and induce vein formation. Our results reveal synergism between auxin transport and signaling, and their unsuspected control by GNOM in the coordination of tissue cell polarity during vein patterning, one of the most informative expressions of tissue cell polarization in plants. eLife digest Plants, animals and other living things grow and develop over their lifetimes: for example, oak trees come from acorns and chickens begin their lives as eggs. To achieve these transformations, the cells in those living things must grow, divide and change their shape and other features. Plants and animals specify the directions in which their cells will grow and develop by gathering specific proteins to one side of the cells. This makes one side different from all the other sides, which the cells use as an internal compass that points in one direction. To align their internal compasses, animal cells touch one another and often move around inside the body. Plant cells, on the other hand, are surrounded by a wall that keeps them apart and prevents them from moving around. So how do plant cells align their internal compasses? Scientists have long thought that a protein called GNOM aligns the internal compasses of plant cells. The hypothesis proposes that GNOM gathers another protein, called PIN1, to one side of a cell. PIN1 would then pump a plant hormone known as auxin out of this first cell and, in doing so, would also drain auxin away from the cell on the opposite side. In this second cell, GNOM would then gather PIN1 to the side facing the first cell, and this process would repeat until all the cells' compasses were aligned. To test this hypothesis, Verna et al. combined microscopy with genetic approaches to study how cells' compasses are aligned in the leaves of a plant called Arabidopsis thaliana. The experiments revealed that auxin needs to move from cell-to-cell to align the cells’ compasses. However, contrary to the above hypothesis, this movement of auxin was not sufficient: the cells also needed to be able to detect and respond to the auxin that entered them. Along with controlling how auxin moved between the cells, GNOM also regulated how the cells responded to the auxin. These findings reveal how plants specify which directions their cells grow and develop. In the future, this knowledge may eventually aid efforts to improve crop yields by controlling the growth and development of crop plants. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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