Fine-Scale Source Apportionment Including Diesel-Related Elemental and Organic Constituents of PM2.5 across Downtown Pittsburgh
| Autor: | Sheila Tripathy, Drew R. Michanowicz, Leah Cambal, Ellen Kinnee, Brett Tunno, Jane E. Clougherty, Jessie L.C. Shmool, Lauren Chubb, Courtney Roper |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Chrysene
elemental constituents Diesel exhaust 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis lcsh:Medicine chemistry.chemical_element factor analysis 010501 environmental sciences complex mixtures 01 natural sciences diesel Diesel fuel chemistry.chemical_compound 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Total organic carbon Fluoranthene lcsh:R Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health source apportionment Fuel oil chemistry fine particulate matter Environmental chemistry Environmental science Pyrene Carbon organic compounds |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 15 Issue 10 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 2177 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph15102177 |
| Popis: | Health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may vary by composition, and the characterization of constituents may help to identify key PM2.5 sources, such as diesel, distributed across an urban area. The composition of diesel particulate matter (DPM) is complicated, and elemental and organic carbon are often used as surrogates. Examining multiple elemental and organic constituents across urban sites, however, may better capture variation in diesel-related impacts, and help to more clearly separate diesel from other sources. We designed a &ldquo super-saturation&rdquo monitoring campaign of 36 sites to capture spatial variance in PM2.5 and elemental and organic constituents across the downtown Pittsburgh core (~2.8 km2). Elemental composition was assessed via inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), organic and elemental carbon via thermal-optical reflectance, and organic compounds via thermal desorption gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (TD-GCMS). Factor analysis was performed including all constituents&mdash both stratified by, and merged across, seasons. Spatial patterning in the resultant factors was examined using land use regression (LUR) modelling to corroborate factor interpretations. We identified diesel-related factors in both seasons for winter, we identified a five-factor solution, describing a bus and truck-related factor [black carbon (BC), fluoranthene, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), pyrene, total carbon] and a fuel oil combustion factor (nickel, vanadium). For summer, we identified a nine-factor solution, which included a bus-related factor (benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, chromium, chrysene, fluoranthene, manganese, pyrene, total carbon, total elemental carbon, zinc) and a truck-related factor (benz[a]anthracene, BC, hopanes, NO2, total PAHs, total steranes). Geographic information system (GIS)-based emissions source covariates identified via LUR modelling roughly corroborated factor interpretations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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