How might science misdirect policy? Insights into the threats and consequences of invasive species
| Autor: | Mark A. Davis, Martin A. Schlaepfer, Michel Pascal |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Macalester College, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Risk analysis EVALUATION DU RISQUE INTRODUCTION D'ESPECE [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] CONSERVATION ecological impact Introduced species Scientific Error Biology RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE expertise scientifique 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences écosystème Invasive species Food Animals Agricultural policy animal Policy outcomes Organism ecosystem impact écologique EXOTIC SPECIES business.industry chercheur 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Environmental resource management Environmental ethics BIASES espèce introduite POLICY introduced species risque researcher CONSERVATION DES ESPECES invasion biologique impact sur l'environnement business Risk assessment ESPECE INVASIVE Agronomy and Crop Science ECOLOGIE Food Science Biotechnology analyse de risque |
| Zdroj: | Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Springer Verlag, 2011, 6, pp.S27-S31. ⟨10.1007/s00003-011-0690-7⟩ |
| ISSN: | 1661-5751 1661-5867 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00003-011-0690-7⟩ |
| Popis: | Humans frequently introduce novel organisms (e.g., non-native species and, more recently, genetically modified organisms) into ecosystems for economic or biological purposes. However, prior to this, risk analysis is an inherent part of the decision about which species to release. In this contribution we draw upon our experience with non-native species to illustrate two ways in which science can potentially misdirect policy and management of novel organisms. The first involves scientific error, and the challenges in evaluating risk in complex systems. For example, predicting the ecological impact of an evolutionary novel organism on its proposed new ecosystem carries substantial uncertainty, which, depending on how it is explained or framed, can result in different policy outcomes. The second category involves potential biases amongst scientists. As a result of their training scientists may be inclined towards particular opinions that are not necessarily shared by the larger public. Moreover, differences in values also exist among scientists due to different cultures. Examples include a predisposition among scientists against non-native species which can result in an overstatement of perceived risks, as well as an under-appreciation of potential benefits. We illustrate how both scientific and epistemological error can result in sub-optimal policy. Scientists as experts can, and should, express their personal positions, but these should be clearly distinguished from scientific analyses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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