Cadmium Increases Human Fetal Germ Cell Apoptosis
| Autor: | Gaëlle Angenard, Gabriel Livera, Virginie Rouiller-Fabre, Clotilde Duquenne, Vincent Muczynski, Catherine Pairault, René Frydman, Hervé Coffigny, René Habert |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Programmed cell death medicine.medical_specialty germ cells cadmium Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis chemistry.chemical_element Apoptosis 010501 environmental sciences Biology testis 01 natural sciences Tobacco smoke 03 medical and health sciences Mice Fetus Organ Culture Techniques Pregnancy Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Gonads development 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 0303 health sciences Cadmium Air Pollutants Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health human fetus Teratology 3. Good health Pregnancy Trimester First medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology chemistry Maternal Exposure Toxicity ovary Female Germ cell |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| ISSN: | 1552-9924 0091-6765 |
| Popis: | Background Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant and a major constituent of tobacco smoke. Adverse effects of this heavy metal on reproductive function have been identified in adults; however, no studies have examined its effects on human reproductive organs during development. Objectives Using our previously developed organ culture system, we investigated the effects of cadmium chloride on human gonads at the beginning of fetal life, a critical stage in the development of reproductive function. Methods Human fetal gonads were recovered during the first trimester (7–11 weeks postconception) and cultured with or without Cd. We used different concentrations of Cd and compared results with those obtained with mouse fetal gonads at similar stages. Results Cd, at concentrations as low as 1 μM, significantly decreased the germ cell density in human fetal ovaries. This correlated with an increase in germ cell apoptosis, but there was no effect on proliferation. Similarly, in the human fetal testis, Cd (1 μM) reduced germ cell number without affecting testosterone secretion. In mouse fetal gonads, Cd increased only female germ cell apoptosis. Conclusions This is the first experimental demonstration that Cd, at low concentrations, alters the survival of male and female germ cells in humans. Considering data demonstrating extensive human exposure, we believe that current environmental levels of Cd could be deleterious to early gametogenesis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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