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Ning Yan,1,* Dapeng Chen,1,* Ruiping Pan,2 Li Zhang,3 Juan Ma,4 Zhengjun Zhang,1 Yuqi Dang,5 Liqun Wang,6 Xueping Ma,1,7 Shaobin Jia1,7 1Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Chinese Medicine, The Second Peopleâs Hospital of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, 753000, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Peopleâs Republic of China; 4Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Peopleâs Republic of China; 5Department of Endocrinology, Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, 750001, Peopleâs Republic of China; 6Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Peopleâs Republic of China; 7Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Peopleâs Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xueping Ma; Shaobin Jia, Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Peopleâs Republic of China, Tel +8613519290991 ; +8613995078969, Email maxueping4033@126.com; jsbxn@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between social capital (SC) and hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, considering the moderation effects of depressive symptoms.Patients and Methods: A total of 1761 Chinese T2DM patients completed measure scales of social capital and epidemiological survey depression scale (CES-D). The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the moderation model.Results: The prevalence of hypertension among T2DM patients was 39.3%. The SC was negatively correlated with the CES-D score (r=â 0.18, P< 0.01); the SC was also negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r=â 0.05, P< 0.05); and the CES-D score was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.05, P< 0.05). Both logistic regression analysis and the Bootstrap method showed that depressive symptoms weakened the protective effect of SC on hypertension, there existed a moderating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between SC and hypertension among T2DM patients.Conclusion: Depressive symptoms may be one crucial moderator of the relationship between SC and hypertension in a representative sample of Chinese diabetes patients. The findings indicate that improving SC and mental health may help manage hypertension among T2DM patients.Keywords: social capital, depressive symptoms, hypertension, moderation, type 2 diabetes mellitus |
