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Highlights • The tumour microenvironment promotes induction of mesenchymal stromal cells through the production of soluble factors. • Data from animal models indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells could accelerate pulmonary metastases, promote proliferation of sarcoma cells and increase chemoresistance. • Pre-activated and use of transduced mesenchymal stromal cells have a positive effect on bone sarcoma. • There is preliminary clinical evidence for mesenchymal stromal cell in promoting bone regeneration within large bone defects after surgical excision.
Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis and progression, as it is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current management of large bone sarcomas typically includes the complex therapeutic approach of limb salvage or sacrifice combined with pre- and postoperative multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and is still associated with high recurrence rates. The development of cellular strategies against specific characteristics of tumour cells appears to be promising, as they can target cancer cells selectively. Recently, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the subject of significant research in orthopaedic clinical practice through their use in regenerative medicine. Further research has been directed at the use of MSCs for more personalized bone sarcoma treatments, taking advantage of their wide range of potential biological functions, which can be augmented by using tissue engineering approaches to promote healing of large defects. In this review, we explore the use of MSCs in bone sarcoma treatment, by analyzing MSCs and tumour cell interactions, transduction of MSCs to target sarcoma, and their clinical applications on humans concerning bone regeneration after bone sarcoma extraction. |
