Outbreak of Amazonian Toxoplasmosis: A One Health Investigation in a Remote Amerindian Community

Autor: Romain Blaizot, Cécile Nabet, Laure Laghoe, Benjamin Faivre, Sandie Escotte-Binet, Felix Djossou, Emilie Mosnier, Fanny Henaff, Denis Blanchet, Aurélien Mercier, Marie-Laure Dardé, Isabelle Villena, Magalie Demar
Přispěvatelé: Service des maladies infectieuses, Hopital Andree Rosemond, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical)
medicine.medical_specialty
parasitology
030106 microbiology
Immunology
lcsh:QR1-502
Microbiology
lcsh:Microbiology
Disease Outbreaks
03 medical and health sciences
Cellular and Infection Microbiology
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
Environmental health
Epidemiology
medicine
Humans
One Health
indigenous
Original Research
2. Zero hunger
biology
outbreak
Transmission (medicine)
Public health
Zoonosis
Toxoplasma gondii
Outbreak
15. Life on land
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Toxoplasmosis
rainforest (Amazon forest)
3. Good health
French Guiana
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
Toxoplasma
toxoplasmosis
Zdroj: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Frontiers, 2020, 10, ⟨10.3389/fcimb.2020.00401⟩
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 10 (2020)
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2020, 10, ⟨10.3389/fcimb.2020.00401⟩
ISSN: 2235-2988
Popis: International audience; Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of worldwide importance but its burden in indigenous communities remains unclear. In French Guiana, atypical strains of T. gondii originating from a complex rainforest cycle involving wild felids have been linked to severe infections in humans. These cases of Amazonian toxoplasmosis are sporadic and outbreaks are rarely described. We report on the investigation of an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis in a remote Amerindian village. We discuss the causes and consequences of this emergence.Methods: In May 2017, during the rainy season and following an episode of flooding, four simultaneous cases of acute toxoplasmosis were serologically confirmed in two families living the village. Other non-diagnosed cases were then actively screened by a medical team along with epidemiological investigations. Inhabitants from nine households were tested for T. gondii antibodies and parasite DNA by PCR when appropriate. Samples of water, cat feces and cat rectal swabs, soil, and meat were tested for T. gondii DNA by PCR. Positive PCR samples with sufficient DNA amounts were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers.Results: Between early May and early July 2017, out of 54 tested inhabitants, 20 cases were serologically confirmed. A fetus infected at gestational week 10 died but other cases were mild. Four patients tested positive for parasite DNA and two identical strains belonging to an atypical genotype could be isolated from unrelated patients. While domestic cats had recently appeared in the vicinity, most families drank water from unsafe sources. Parasite DNA was recovered from one water sample and nine soil samples. Three meat samples tested positive, including wild and industrial meat.Conclusions: The emergence of toxoplasmosis in such a community living in close contact with the Amazon rainforest is probably multifactorial. Sedentary settlements have been built in the last few decades without providing safe water sources, increasing the risk of parasite circulation in cases of dangerous new habits such as cat domestication. Public health actions should be implemented in these communities such as safe water supply, health recommendations, and epidemiological surveillance of acute toxoplasmosis. A “One Health” strategy of research involving medical anthropology, veterinary medicine, and public health needs to be pursued for a better understanding of the transmission routes and the emergence of this zoonosis.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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