Toxicity of colloidal silver products and their marketing claims in Finland
| Autor: | Matti Viluksela, Riikka Airaksinen, Kirsi Vähäkangas, Veera Leino |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
ATP adenosine triphosphate Colloidal silver Quackery Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis education 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology U.S. EPA the environmental protection agency of the USA 01 natural sciences complex mixtures Silver nanoparticle Social media 03 medical and health sciences ROS reactive oxygen species 0302 clinical medicine AgNPs silver nanoparticles Health claims on food labels RA1190-1270 medicine Argyria Marketing health care economics and organizations ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS 0105 earth and related environmental sciences LDH lactate dehydrogenase LDH - Lactate dehydrogenase WHO the World Health Organization digestive oral and skin physiology Regular Article Pseudo-medicine NOAEL no observable adverse effect level medicine.disease Tukes the finnish safety and chemicals agency Yle the finnish broadcasting company Evira the finnish food safety authority ATP - Adenosine triphosphate Toxicology. Poisons APTT active partial thromboplastin time Business Silver nanoparticles THL the finnish institute for health and welfare Web-based advertising RfD reference dose Fimea the finnish medicines agency 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Toxicology Reports, Vol 8, Iss, Pp 106-113 (2021) Toxicology Reports |
| ISSN: | 2214-7500 |
| Popis: | Graphical abstract Highlights • Silver nanoparticles and silver ions in colloidal silver are toxic. • Internet marketing of colloidal silver included false claims. • Internal use of colloidal silver was promoted by companies and users. • Distrust in authorities expressed in websites and Facebook nulled interventions. Aims The aim was to investigate the marketing practices, beliefs and health claims regarding the use of colloidal silver in Finland. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potentially toxic due to their small size and Ag+-release capabilities, and the use of colloidal silver products containing AgNPs can cause a wide variety of adverse effects such as argyria. Methods Contents of three company websites selling colloidal silver were reviewed, and the claims used in the marketing of colloidal silver were compared to the scientific information about silver. In Facebook posts and discussion about colloidal silver were analyzed. Results In Finland, the marketing of colloidal silver products on websites selling the products did not follow the regulations of authorities; several scientifically unfounded claims about the efficacy and medical use of colloidal silver were found. After the Finnish Broadcasting Company (Yle) documentary and an intervention by authorities, contents of the websites were changed, but still questionable information and misleading claims could be found. In the analyzed Facebook groups attitudes towards medical use of colloidal silver were uncritically positive, internal use was highly promoted and the restrictions of use were considered unjustified. Conclusions The use of quackery products such as colloidal silver can be dangerous, and their use and marketing should be controlled and restricted. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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