Interspecific competition slows range expansion and shapes range boundaries
| Autor: | Brett A. Melbourne, Matthew E. Bitters, Alan Hastings, Geoffrey Legault |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Competitive Behavior Tribolium Multidisciplinary Range (biology) Stochastic modelling 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology media_common.quotation_subject Climate change Boundary (topology) Interspecific competition Biological Sciences 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Competition (biology) Term (time) Econometrics Animals Biological dispersal Animal Distribution Ecosystem Mathematics media_common |
| Zdroj: | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.2009701117 |
| Popis: | Species expanding into new habitats as a result of climate change or human introductions will frequently encounter resident competitors. Theoretical models suggest that such interspecific competition can alter the speed of expansion and the shape of expanding range boundaries. However, competitive interactions are rarely considered when forecasting the success or speed of expansion, in part because there has been no direct experimental evidence that competition affects either expansion speed or boundary shape. Here we demonstrate that interspecific competition alters both expansion speed and range boundary shape. Using a two-species experimental system of the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, we show that interspecific competition dramatically slows expansion across a landscape over multiple generations. Using a parameterized stochastic model of expansion, we find that this slowdown can persist over the long term. We also find that the shape of the moving range boundary changes continuously over many generations of expansion, first steepening and then becoming shallower, due to the competitive effect of the resident and density-dependent dispersal of the invader. This dynamic boundary shape suggests that current forecasting approaches assuming a constant shape could be misleading. More broadly, our results demonstrate that interactions between competing species can play a large role during range expansions and thus should be included in models and studies that monitor, forecast, or manage expansions in natural systems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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