Neuroanatomy and Sampling of Central Projections for the Visual System in Mammals Used in Toxicity Testing
| Autor: | Anantharaman Muthuswamy, Ingrid D. Pardo, Robert C. Switzer, Brad Bolon, Deepa B. Rao, Alok K. Sharma |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Superior Colliculi
genetic structures Optic tract Optic chiasm Neuropathology Biology Toxicology Retina Pathology and Forensic Medicine 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Orientation (mental) Sensation medicine Animals Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Mammals 0303 health sciences Superior colliculus Brain Geniculate Bodies Cell Biology eye diseases Neuroanatomy medicine.anatomical_structure Optic nerve Rabbits Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Toxicologic pathology. 49(3) |
| ISSN: | 1533-1601 |
| Popis: | Visual system toxicity may manifest anywhere in the visual system, from the eye proper to the visual brain. Therefore, effective screening for visual system toxicity must evaluate not only ocular structures (ie, eye and optic nerve) but also multiple key brain regions involved in vision (eg, optic tract, subcortical relay nuclei, and primary and secondary visual cortices). Despite a generally comparable pattern across species, the neuroanatomic organization and function of the visual brain in rodents and rabbits exhibit appreciable differences relative to nonrodents. Currently recognized sampling practices for general toxicity studies in animals, which are based on easily discerned external neuroanatomic landmarks and guided by extant stereotaxic brain atlases, typically will permit histopathologic evaluation of many brain centers involved in visual sensation (eg, optic chiasm, optic tract, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, primary and secondary visual cortices) and often some subcortical brain nuclei involved in light-modulated nonvisual activities needed for visual attention and orientation (eg, rostral colliculus in quadrupeds, termed the superior colliculus in bipeds; several cranial nerve nuclei). Pathologic findings induced by toxicants in the visual brain centers are similar to those that are produced in other brain regions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|