Human health risk assessment of arsenic and trace metals in atmospheric dust of Arak industrial area, Iran
| Autor: | Reza Mohajer, Sergi Díez, Abbas Taati, Jahangard Mohammadi, Mohammad Hassan Salehi |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Díez, Sergi [0000-0002-9870-2179], Díez, Sergi |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Adult China Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis media_common.quotation_subject Hazard index chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences Iran 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Arsenic Hazard quotient Metals Heavy Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Humans Child 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common Industrial area Dust Geo-accumulation index General Medicine Atmospheric dust Contamination Positive matrix factorization air Carcinogen risks chemistry Environmental chemistry Environmental science Risk assessment Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname |
| Popis: | In order to investigate concentrations, variability, sources, and human health risk of trace elements, 38 atmospheric dust samples were collected around Arak industrial area. The average concentrations of Cd~Zn, As, and Pb were 3.3, 2.5, and 2.4 times higher than the corresponding geochemical background, respectively, while concentrations of Co, Cu, Ni, and Hg were lower. Based on geo-accumulation index (Igeo), trace elements were classified between practically uncontaminated to moderate contaminated levels. The potential risk (RI) map showed that about 86% of the study area for all trace elements was in the moderate risk class. According to the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, four factors were extracted for trace elements, including industrial sources, natural sources, mining, and transportation, that contributed about 30, 27, 26, and 17% to pollution of the area, respectively. The carcinogenic risks for inhalation exposure to Cd, As, Ni, and Co were lower than the permissible risk limit than the EPA recommend (10−6), indicating an acceptable level of risk. Results of the health risk evaluation indicated that the non-carcinogenic health risk (i.e., hazard quotient, HQ) for children and adults decrease following: As > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu > Co > Hg. When excluding As, the hazard index (HI) was lower than the safe level (HI < 1) for all the trace elements, whereas HQ values of As for children and adults were 17.1 and 1.6, respectively, indicating a potential risk for children. In sum, several remedial actions to eliminate or to reduce the dust pollution are urgently required in the industrial area of Arak. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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