Oreophryne variabilis

Autor: Putri, Auni Ade, Fahri, Fahri, Annawaty, Annawaty, Hamidy, Amir
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3671803
Popis: Oreophryne variabilis (Boulenger, 1896a) Description Small adult size, SVL = 16.15 ��� 27.85 mm; snout rounded; nostrils are located between the eyes and the tip of the snout; tympanum hidden or indistinct, small finger disks; third finger slightly longer than the second and fourth fingers; subarticular tubercles developed, inner metatarsal tubercle an ellipse, heel reaches the posterior eye when adpressed; tibia reaches half of body length when adpressed (TL/SVL = 0.513 ��� 0.517). Dorsum is yellowish to dark, with scattered black spots, dorsolateral fold from eyes to shoulders. Habitat This species was often found concealed in leaf litter in the water flows in plots 4 and 5 (primary forest). Individuals were sensitive to light and movement. When approached they quickly entered the water flow to hide among the leaf litter, in grass, or under fallen wood. The species was found active at 21 ��� 23��C and 86 ��� 86% humidity. Remarks This species was previously reported from southwest Sulawesi (Iskandar and Tjan 1996), and is also known from mounts Lompobatang and Latimojong above 1000 m asl in southern Sulawesi, and from Gunung Karua at 1200 m asl in south central Sulawesi (IUCN 2019). The presence of the species in this study is a new record in Lake Kalimpa ��� a and Lore Lindu National Park. Polypedates iskandari Riyanto, Mumpuni and McGuire, 2011 (Figure 2 (d)) Description Adult males, SVL 44.90 mm; head width (HW/SVL = 0.324) and head length (HL/ SVL = 0.364, HL/HW = 1.12); nostrils are closer to the tip of the snout than to the eyes, internarial distance equal to distance from the nostrils to the eyes (EN/IN = 1.222, EN/ SVL = 0.098, IN/SVL = 0.080); loreal region concave; snout long (snout/SVL = 0.164); large eyes (EY/SVL = 0.126); tympanum round, distinct (TY/EY = 0.611, TY/SVL = 0.076); vomerine teeth present; there is a distinct fold from behind the eyes above the tympanum to the back arm. The formula for the web of the toe, I 0 ��� 1 II 0 ��� 1 III 1 / 2 ��� 1 IV 1 ��� 0 V, follows that used by Savage and Heyer (1997); length of tibia, ratio of TL/SVL about 0.537; length of toe (longest to shortest) 4> 5> 3> 2> 1, fourth toe length (T4) with ratio of T4/ SVL about 0.414 and fourth toe disc diameter (T4D) with ratio of T4D/SVL about 0.030; subarticular tubercles developed; inner metatarsal oval; outer metatarsal is very small. The dorsal and ventral surfaces are granularious; dorsal yellowish brown, there is a tint like a thick line between the eyes, and down to the dorsal bottom. Habitat Some individuals were found hopping among Cuphea carthagenensis plants or sitting and vocalising among partially submerged Axonopus compressus plants. Other individuals were found on the wall of a building. Specimens were collected up to 9 m from the pond and vertically up to 1 m. When approached, individuals of this species immediately jumped into the water or moved into plants in the water. They were found to be active at 19 ��� 23��C and 84 ��� 97% humidity. Remarks Distributional data for this species are still lacking. Riyanto et al. (2011) reported that this species was found in Desa Tomado, Sulawesi Tengah, at an elevation of 1008 m asl. In this study, however, it was found at an elevation of 1650 m asl in the open area (plot 7). Polypedates iskandari Riyanto, Mumpuni and McGuire, 2011 (Figure 2 (d)) Description Adult males, SVL 44.90 mm; head width (HW/SVL = 0.324) and head length (HL/ SVL = 0.364, HL/HW = 1.12); nostrils are closer to the tip of the snout than to the eyes, internarial distance equal to distance from the nostrils to the eyes (EN/IN = 1.222, EN/ SVL = 0.098, IN/SVL = 0.080); loreal region concave; snout long (snout/SVL = 0.164); large eyes (EY/SVL = 0.126); tympanum round, distinct (TY/EY = 0.611, TY/SVL = 0.076); vomerine teeth present; there is a distinct fold from behind the eyes above the tympanum to the back arm. The formula for the web of the toe, I 0 ��� 1 II 0 ��� 1 III 1 / 2 ��� 1 IV 1 ��� 0 V, follows that used by Savage and Heyer (1997); length of tibia, ratio of TL/SVL about 0.537; length of toe (longest to shortest) 4> 5> 3> 2> 1, fourth toe length (T4) with ratio of T4/ SVL about 0.414 and fourth toe disc diameter (T4D) with ratio of T4D/SVL about 0.030; subarticular tubercles developed; inner metatarsal oval; outer metatarsal is very small. The dorsal and ventral surfaces are granularious; dorsal yellowish brown, there is a tint like a thick line between the eyes, and down to the dorsal bottom. Habitat Some individuals were found hopping among Cuphea carthagenensis plants or sitting and vocalising among partially submerged Axonopus compressus plants. Other individuals were found on the wall of a building. Specimens were collected up to 9 m from the pond and vertically up to 1 m. When approached, individuals of this species immediately jumped into the water or moved into plants in the water. They were found to be active at 19 ��� 23��C and 84 ��� 97% humidity. Remarks Distributional data for this species are still lacking. Riyanto et al. (2011) reported that this species was found in Desa Tomado, Sulawesi Tengah, at an elevation of 1008 m asl. In this study, however, it was found at an elevation of 1650 m asl in the open area (plot 7).
Published as part of Putri, Auni Ade, Fahri, Fahri, Annawaty, Annawaty & Hamidy, Amir, 2019, Ecological investigations and diversity of amphibians in Lake Kalimpa'a�� Lore Lindu National Park�� Central Sulawesi, pp. 2503-2516 in Journal of Natural History 53 (41) on pages 2510-2511, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1705930, http://zenodo.org/record/3666451
{"references":["Boulenger GA. 1896 a. Descriptions of new reptiles and batrachians obtained by Mr. Alfred Everett in Celebes and Jampea. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 18 (6): 62 - 64. doi: 10.1080 / 00222939608680409.","Iskandar DT, Tjan NK. 1996. The amphibian and reptiles of Sulawesi, with notes on the distribution and chromosomal number of frogs. In: Kitchener DJ, Suyanto A, editors. Proceedings of The First International Conference on Eastern Indonesian - Australian vertebrate fauna; 1994 Nov 22 - 26; Manado, Indonesia. p. 39 - 46.","[IUCN] The International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2019. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2018 - 2. [Accessed 2019 Jan 15]. http: // www. iucnredlist. org /.","Riyanto A, Mumpuni, McGuire JA. 2011. Morphometry of striped tree frogs, Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Indonesia with description of a new species. Russ J Herpetol. 18 (1): 29 - 35.","Savage JM, Heyer WR. 1997. Digital webbing formulae for anurans: a refinement. Herpetol Rev. 28: 131."]}
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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