The influence of chlorine in indoor swimming pools on the composition of breathing phase of professional swimmers
| Autor: | Ewaryst Tkacz, Jadwiga Gabor, Jakub Karpiński, Andrzej Ostrowski, Arkadiusz Stanula, Szymon Skoczyński, Zbigniew Waśkiewicz, Beat Knechtle, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Jarosław Paluch, Andrzej Swinarew, K. Kubik, Pawel Raif, Thomas Rosemann, Hubert Okła |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
11035 Institute of General Practice Pulmonary bioreaction Respiratory phase Physical activity chemistry.chemical_element Physiology 610 Medicine & health Respiratory Mucosa Pulmonary metabolomics Trichloromethane Chloramines Mass spectrometry Gas chromatography Swimming Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Swimming Pools 0302 clinical medicine Chlorine Humans Medicine Gas analysis lcsh:RC705-779 Lung business.industry Research 030229 sport sciences lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system Exhaled air Respiratory Function Tests medicine.anatomical_structure 030228 respiratory system chemistry 2740 Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Respiratory Mechanics Breathing business Respiratory tract |
| Zdroj: | Respiratory research, 21:88 Respiratory Research, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020) Respiratory Research |
| Popis: | ObjectivesSwimming is one of the most popular forms of physical activity. Pool water is cleaned with chlorine, which - in combination with compounds contained in water - could form chloramines and trichloromethane in the swimmer’s lungs. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of swimming training in an indoor pool on the composition of swimmers’ respiratory phase metabolomics, and develop a system to provide basic information about its impact on the swimmer’s airway mucosa metabolism, which could help to assess the risk of secondary respiratory tract diseases i.e. sport results, condition, and health including lung acute and chronic diseases).DesignA group of competitive swimmers participated in the study and samples of their respiratory phase before training, immediately after training, and 2 h after training were assessed.MethodsSixteen male national and international-level competitive swimmers participated in this study. Respiratory phase analysis of the indoor swimming pool swimmers was performed. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used in the measurements. All collected data were transferred to numerical analysis for trends of tracking and mapping. The breathing phase was collected on special porous material and analyzed using GCMS headspace.ResultsThe obtained samples of exhaled air were composed of significantly different metabolomics when compared before, during and after exercise training. This suggests that exposition to indoor chlorine causes changes in the airway mucosa.ConclusionThis phenomenon may be explained by occurrence of a chlorine-initiated bio-reaction in the swimmers’ lungs. The obtained results indicate that chromatographic exhaled gas analysis is a sensitive method of pulmonary metabolomic changes assessment. Presented analysis of swimmers exhaled air indicates, that indoor swimming may be responsible for airway irritation caused by volatile chlorine compounds and their influence on lung metabolism. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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