An assessment of temporal, spatial and taxonomic trends in harmful algal toxin exposure in stranded marine mammals from the U.S. New England coast

Autor:	Michael J. Moore, Greg Early, Keith Matassa, Misty Niemeyer, Andrea L. Bogomolni, Robert A. DiGiovanni, Glenn A. Miller, Kathleen M. T. Moore, Frederick W. Wenzel, Spencer E. Fire, Katie R. Pugliares, Tod A. Leighfield, Zhihong Wang
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2021
Předmět:	0106 biological sciences Time Factors Physiology Marine and Aquatic Sciences Delphinus delphis Urine Toxicology Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 01 natural sciences Feces chemistry.chemical_compound New England Medicine and Health Sciences Toxins Data Management Mammals 0303 health sciences Ecosystem health Kainic Acid Seals Multidisciplinary Geography biology Eukaryota Domoic acid Body Fluids Humpback Whales Vertebrates Medicine Anatomy Research Article Computer and Information Sciences Harmful Algal Bloom Dolphins Science Toxic Agents Zoology Marine Biology Algal bloom 03 medical and health sciences Marine mammal biology.animal Phytoplankton Animals Marine Mammals Ecosystem Taxonomy 030304 developmental biology Saxitoxin Pilot Whales 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology fungi Organisms Whales Biology and Life Sciences Environmental Exposure chemistry Animal Taxonomy Amniotes Earth Sciences
Zdroj:	PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 1, p e0243570 (2021) PLoS ONE
ISSN:	1932-6203
Popis:	Despite a long-documented history of severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) in New England coastal waters, corresponding HAB-associated marine mammal mortality events in this region are far less frequent or severe relative to other regions where HABs are common. This long-term survey of the HAB toxins saxitoxin (STX) and domoic acid (DA) demonstrates significant and widespread exposure of these toxins in New England marine mammals, across multiple geographic, temporal and taxonomic groups. Overall, 19% of the 458 animals tested positive for one or more toxins, with 15% and 7% testing positive for STX and DA, respectively. 74% of the 23 different species analyzed demonstrated evidence of toxin exposure. STX was most prevalent in Maine coastal waters, most frequently detected in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), and most often detected during July and October. DA was most prevalent in animals sampled in offshore locations and in bycaught animals, and most frequently detected in mysticetes, with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) testing positive at the highest rates. Feces and urine appeared to be the sample matrices most useful for determining the presence of toxins in an exposed animal, with feces samples having the highest concentrations of STX or DA. No relationship was found between the bloom season of toxin-producing phytoplankton and toxin detection rates, however STX was more likely to be present in July and October. No relationship between marine mammal dietary preference and frequency of toxin detection was observed. These findings are an important part of a framework for assessing future marine mammal morbidity and mortality events, as well as monitoring ecosystem health using marine mammals as sentinel organisms for predicting coastal ocean changes.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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