The joint synovium: A critical determinant of articular cartilage fate in inflammatory joint diseases
| Autor: | Pallavi Bhattaram, Unnikrishnan M. Chandrasekharan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
musculoskeletal diseases
0301 basic medicine Fibroblast-like synoviocyte Cartilage Articular Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Arthritis Osteoarthritis Biology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Synovitis medicine Synovial fluid Animals Humans 030203 arthritis & rheumatology Inflammation Cartilage Macrophages Synovial Membrane Cell Biology Anatomy musculoskeletal system medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Synovial Cell Joints Synovial membrane Joint Diseases Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Seminars in celldevelopmental biology. 62 |
| ISSN: | 1096-3634 |
| Popis: | The synovium constitutes the envelope of articular joints and is a critical provider of synovial fluid components and articular cartilage nutrients. Its inflammation is a predominant feature and cause of joint degeneration in diseases as diverse as rheumatoid, psoriatic, juvenile and idiopathic arthritis, and lupus, gout and lyme disease. These inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) are due to a wide variety of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that trigger, promote, and perpetuate joint destabilization. In spite of this variety of causes, IJDs share main pathological features, namely inflammation of the joint synovium (synovitis) and progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. In addition to being a driving force behind the destruction of articular cartilage in IJD, synovitis is also increasingly being recognized as a significant contributor of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, a disease primarily due to aging- or trauma-related wear and tear of cartilage surfaces. In view of this important role of the synovium in determining the fate of articular cartilage, this review focuses on its underlying mechanisms in the pathology of IJD. We address the roles of synovial fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells in the maintenance of joint health and in the destruction of articular cartilage integrity during IJD. Molecular mechanisms that have been recently shown to govern the pathological activities of the resident synovial cells are highlighted. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of targeting these new molecular mechanisms for preventing cartilage degeneration due to chronic inflammation are also discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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