Relationship between energy availability, energy conservation and cognitive restraint with performance measures in male endurance athletes

Autor: Vedran Hadžić, Iva Jurov, Nicola Keay, Samo Rauter, Darjan Spudić
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
Sports medicine
Performance
energy availability
udc:796.01
kognicija
0302 clinical medicine
Cognition
Body Fat Distribution
endurance
relative energy deficiency
Nutrition and Dietetics
biology
endurance athletes
Psychological evaluation
Endurance athletes
Relative energy deficiency
lcsh:RC1200-1245
lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply
performance
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
lcsh:TX341-641
Clinical nutrition
cognitive restriction
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Cognitive restriction
športniki
medicine
Humans
Resting energy expenditure
Disordered eating
lcsh:Sports medicine
Athletes
business.industry
nastop
šport
030229 sport sciences
Energy availability
biology.organism_classification
athletes
Cross-Sectional Studies
Physical therapy
Physical Endurance
relativni primanjkljaj energije
business
sport
vzdržljivost
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism
Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire
energija
Food Science
Zdroj: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021, Vol.18(1), pp.24 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 18, no. 24, 2021.
ISSN: 1550-2783
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00419-3
Popis: Background Low energy availability in male athletes has gained a lot of attention in recent years, but direct evidence of its effects on health and performance is lacking. The aim of this research was to objectively measure energy availability (EA) in healthy male endurance athletes without pre-existing relative energy deficiency signs during pre-race season. Methods Twelve trained endurance athletes (performance level 3, 4, and 5) participated in the cross-sectional controlled laboratory study. Fat-free mass, exercise energy expenditure, and energy intake were measured to calculate EA. Resting energy expenditure was measured and estimated to assess energy conservation. Three specific performance tests were used to assess endurance, agility, and explosive strength performance. For psychological evaluation, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and a short Well-being questionnaire were completed. Results Mean EA was 29.5 kcal/kg FFM/day. The majority (66.6%) had EA under the threshold for low EA in females. Critical cognitive restraint (≥13) was reported by 75% of participants. There were no differences in performance, blood values, or psychological evaluation when subjects were divided into two groups divided by EA = 30 kcal/kg FFM/day. Cognitive restraint was negatively associated with measured resting energy expenditure and energy conservation (r = −.578, p = .025 and r = −.549, p = .032, respectively). Conclusions The mean EA measured in this study supports the theory that the threshold for low EA in endurance male athletes might be under the threshold for females. In addition, we confirmed cognitive restraint could be useful for early detection of energy conservation. The high cognitive restraint as measured in our sample stressed the need of eating behavior screening in endurance athletes in order to reduce risk of any disordered eating patterns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-021-00419-3.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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