Platinum-group elements in sewage sludge and incinerator ash in the United Kingdom: assessment of PGE sources and mobility in cities
| Autor: | J. Sampson, Matthew T. Jackson, Hazel Margaret Prichard |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Road dust
Environmental Engineering Sewage Platinum Compounds Incineration Iridium Ruthenium Environmental Chemistry Rhodium Waste Management and Disposal Negative rh Waste management business.industry Drainage Sanitary Dust Platinum group Osmium Pollution United Kingdom Waste treatment Kinetics Environmental chemistry Environmental science Sewage treatment business Sludge Palladium Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 408(6) |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in sewage sludge and incinerator ash compared with average PGE concentrations in road dust show a common pattern, characterized by a negative Rh anomaly. This similarity, found at 9 UK incinerators, suggests that there is a universal characteristic PGE pattern produced by common processes of dispersal of Pt, Pd and Rh derived from automobile catalytic converters. Ninety-one sewage sludge and incinerator ash samples from the sewage treatment facilities in Sheffield, Birmingham and 7 other UK cities were analyzed for PGE. The highest concentrations are 602 ppb Pt and 710 ppb Pd with lower maximum concentrations of 65 ppb Rh, 100 ppb Ru, 33 ppb Ir and 12 ppb Os. Ash from incinerated sewage was found to have higher PGE concentrations compared to the original sludge and the PGE ratios are preserved during incineration. Rh is more mobilized and dispersed than the other PGE as it is transported from roads into the drainage system and into sewage. Pt/Pd ratios of 1.0 in road dust and 0.9 in sewage and incinerator ash suggest that Pd is more mobile than Pt during dispersal. PGE abundances in stored incinerator ash of varying ages appear to have been affected by the variation in use of Pt, Pd and Rh in catalytic converters due to variation in their market prices. Concentrations of Os, Ir and Ru in ashes are greater in Sheffield and London than all the other city sites and may be derived from point industrial sources. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect