International variation in neighborhood walkability, transit, and recreation environments using geographic information systems: the IPEN adult study
| Autor: | James E. Chapman, Poh-Chin Lai, Jan Dygrýn, Lars Christiansen, Graham Smith, Lorinne du Toit, Marc A. Adams, Suzanne Mavoa, Deborah Salvo, Nico Van de Weghe, Jose D. Pinzon, Lawrence D. Frank, Rachel Davey, Neville Owen, Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino, Jasper Schipperijn, Duncan J. Macfarlane, Ester Cerin, Neil T. Coffee, James F. Sallis |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Adams, Marc A, Frank, Lawrence D, Schipperijn, Jasper, Smith, Graham, Chapman, James, Christiansen, Lars B, Coffee, Neil, Salvo, Deborah, du Toit, Lorinne, Dygrýn, Jan, Hino, Adriano Akira Ferreira, Lai, Poh-chin, Mavoa, Suzanne, Pinzón, José David, Van de Weghe, Nico, Cerin, Esther, Davey, Rachel, Macfarlane, Duncan, Owen, Neville, Sallis, James F |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Built environment
Internationality Geographic information system Parks BUFFER SIZE Business Management and Accounting(all) physical activity Poison control Transportation DETERMINANTS Walking 0302 clinical medicine Urban planning Residence Characteristics WALK SCORE(R) 11. Sustainability Medicine and Health Sciences Regional science Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine ASSOCIATIONS exercise parks Urban sprawl URBAN SPRAWL International health 3. Good health Walkability OBESITY Computer Science(all) Adult international health General Computer Science 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Motor Activity urban planning 03 medical and health sciences Environmental health Humans Exercise Recreation walkability transportation 11 COUNTRIES Land use Physical activity business.industry Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health built environment General Business Management and Accounting PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY Cross-Sectional Studies 13. Climate action Geographic Information Systems Environment Design business |
| Zdroj: | Adams, M A, Frank, L D, Schipperijn, J, Smith, G, Chapman, J, Christiansen, L B, Coffee, N, Salvo, D, du Toit, L, Dygrýn, J, Hino, A A, Lai, P-C, Mavoa, S, Pinzón, J D, Van de Weghe, N, Cerin, E, Davey, R, Macfarlane, D, Owen, N & Sallis, J F 2014, ' International variation in neighborhood walkability, transit, and recreation environments using geographic information systems : the IPEN adult study ', International Journal of Health Geographics, vol. 13, no. 1, 43 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-13-43 International Journal of Health Geographics INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS |
| ISSN: | 1476-072X |
| Popis: | Background The World Health Organization recommends strategies to improve urban design, public transportation, and recreation facilities to facilitate physical activity for non-communicable disease prevention for an increasingly urbanized global population. Most evidence supporting environmental associations with physical activity comes from single countries or regions with limited variation in urban form. This paper documents variation in comparable built environment features across countries from diverse regions. Methods The International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) study of adults aimed to measure the full range of variation in the built environment using geographic information systems (GIS) across 12 countries on 5 continents. Investigators in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, China, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States followed a common research protocol to develop internationally comparable measures. Using detailed instructions, GIS-based measures included features such as walkability (i.e., residential density, street connectivity, mix of land uses), and access to public transit, parks, and private recreation facilities around each participant’s residential address using 1-km and 500-m street network buffers. Results Eleven of 12 countries and 15 cities had objective GIS data on built environment features. We observed a 38-fold difference in median residential densities, a 5-fold difference in median intersection densities and an 18-fold difference in median park densities. Hong Kong had the highest and North Shore, New Zealand had the lowest median walkability index values, representing a difference of 9 standard deviations in GIS-measured walkability. Conclusions Results show that comparable measures can be created across a range of cultural settings revealing profound global differences in urban form relevant to physical activity. These measures allow cities to be ranked more precisely than previously possible. The highly variable measures of urban form will be used to explain individuals’ physical activity, sedentary behaviors, body mass index, and other health outcomes on an international basis. Present measures provide the ability to estimate dose–response relationships from projected changes to the built environment that would otherwise be impossible. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-072X-13-43) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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