Noise of underwater explosions in the North Sea. A comparison of experimental data and model predictions
| Autor: | A.M. von Benda-Beckmann, Bas Binnerts, E. M. Salomons, K. Betke |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
010302 applied physics
Acoustics and Ultrasonics biology Sediment Ranging Phocoena 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology biology.organism_classification 01 natural sciences Unexploded ordnance Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) 0103 physical sciences TNT equivalent Layering Underwater 0210 nano-technology Seismology Geology Noise (radio) |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 149:1878-1888 |
| ISSN: | 0001-4966 |
| DOI: | 10.1121/10.0003754 |
| Popis: | An analysis is presented of sound measurements performed near two detonations of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in the North Sea, at distances ranging from 1.5 to 12 km. The charge masses of the detonations were 325 and 140 kg TNT equivalent. The objective of the measurements was to improve the accuracy of model predictions of the area where UXO detonations affect harbour porpoises in the North Sea. For the predictions, an explosion emission model is combined with a shallow-water propagation model. The prediction model was previously validated for distances up to 2 km. The measurements reported here allowed validation up to a distance of 12 km. The measured levels and spectra are well explained by the model calculations. The model results depend strongly on the sea sediment layering. The propagation of high-frequency components appears to be affected primarily by the silty top layer, while low-frequency components are affected also by deeper sandy layers. Measured and calculated noise levels are used to determine permanent-threshold-shift effect distances for harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Values ranging from 2 to 6 km are found for the two detonations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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