| Popis: |
Directed cell migration is critical across biological processes spanning healing to cancer invasion, yet no tools allow such migration to be interactively guided. We present a new bioreactor that harnesses electrotaxis — directed cell migration along electric field gradients — by integrating multiple independent electrodes under computer control to dynamically program electric field patterns, and hence steer cell migration. Using this platform, we programmed and characterized multiple precise, two-dimensional collective migration maneuvers in renal epithelia and primary skin keratinocyte ensembles. First, we demonstrated on-demand, 90-degree collective turning. Next, we developed a universal electrical stimulation scheme capable of programming arbitrary 2D migration maneuvers such as precise angular turns and directing cells to migrate in a complete circle. Our stimulation scheme proves that cells effectively time-average electric field cues, helping to elucidate the transduction time scales in electrotaxis. Together, this work represents a fundamentally different platform for controlling cell migration with broad utility across fields. |
