Bacterial Peptidoglycan as a Driver of Chronic Brain Inflammation
| Autor: | Christopher Power, Jon D. Laman, Roman Dziarski, Bert A. 't Hart |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Encephalomyelitis Autoimmune Experimental Multiple Sclerosis microbiome microglia Inflammation Peptidoglycan Biology Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine TLR medicine Animals Humans Molecular Biology NOD Neuroinflammation Innate immune system Bacteria Microglia Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis neurodegeneration Pattern recognition receptor Brain PGLYRP medicine.disease infection Gastrointestinal Microbiome 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Receptors Pattern Recognition Immunology Encephalitis Molecular Medicine medicine.symptom 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Trends in Molecular Medicine. 26:670-682 |
| ISSN: | 1471-4914 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.006 |
| Popis: | Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a cell wall component of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Signature fragments of PGN are proinflammatory through engagement of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on resident tissue cells and circulating leukocytes. Despite its abundance in the gut microbiota, there is limited recognition that PGN could contribute to chronic neuroinflammation. This review highlights current insights into the roles of PGN as a determinant of brain inflammation, notably in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. Recent studies demonstrate PGN in blood of healthy adult humans. PGN amplifies autoimmune pathology via activation of innate immune cells. Novel uptake routes through (altered) gut mucosa by myeloid leukocyte subsets promote PGN transport to the brain. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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