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Additional file 1. Supplementary Table S1. Frequency of cigarette smoking in MoBa (n=78,860), comparing answers at the two timepoints. Supplementary Table S2. Results from multiple imputation with chained equations of missing values in covariates. Total sample size is n=78,860. Supplementary Table S3. Complete case analysis of associations between tobacco use and a COVID-19 or testing behavior. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed on the same dataset, excluding cases with missing observations in covariates. Supplementary Table S4. Study population characteristics and incident cases of COVID-19 between March 2020 and May 2021, among exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive snus users and non-users of tobacco. Supplementary Table S5. Study population characteristics in the two cohorts with available SARS-CoV-2 antibody data. Supplementary Table S6. Associations between tobacco use and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Supplementary Table S7. Tobacco use and MSIS diagnosis, in gender and BMI strata, complete case analysis. Supplementary Table S8. Tobacco use and MSIS diagnosis in a subset who had been tested at least once during the study period, complete case analysis. Supplementary Table S9. Tobacco use and MSIS diagnosis in a subset who were unvaccinated by May 2021, complete case analysis. Supplementary Table S10. Associations between tobacco use and having been tested for SARS-CoV-2, stratified by gender and having been tested because of symptoms or not. Figure S1. Suggested causal framework for the association between current smoking/tobacco use and risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Minimal adjustment set of confounders for estimation of total effect includes sex, age, SES, county, number of household members, and work situation (home office/lost job). Chronic illness was considered as a potential mediator on a causal pathway between former/current tobacco use and infection status and not included in adjusted models |
