Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: probiotic supplementation as a supportive treatment in psychiatric disorders
| Autor: | Bartholomeus Benno C M Haarman, Iris E. C. Sommer, Mohamed Genedi, Isabel E. Janmaat |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Bipolar Disorder Gut–brain axis DIVERSITY gut microbiome CONSTIPATION Disease IMMUNITY DISEASE law.invention 03 medical and health sciences Probiotic 0302 clinical medicine MARKERS INFLAMMATION law medicine Global health Humans Bipolar disorder Microbiome Psychiatry Correlation of Data METAANALYSIS Intestinal permeability business.industry gut-brain axis intestinal permeability Probiotics medicine.disease 030227 psychiatry Psychiatry and Mental health MICROBIOME Schizophrenia Dysbiosis probiotic supplementation business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery GLUTEN SENSITIVITY BEHAVIOR |
| Zdroj: | Current opinion in psychiatry. 32(3) |
| ISSN: | 1473-6578 |
| Popis: | Purpose of review Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder are severe mental disorders, both placing a significant burden on individuals' wellbeing and global health generally. The complex interaction of multiple mechanisms, underlying these disorders, still needs further elucidation. Increased activation of components of the immune system may be involved, including alterations in intestinal permeability and gut microbiome. Probiotics, defined as living microorganisms conferring health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, seem to have supportive therapeutic effect in psychiatric disorders. The authors in this review provide an overview of this emerging research field and summarize both the publicated microbiome studies in SCZ and bipolar disorder and the current clinical research using probiotic supplementation in patients diagnosed with these disorders. Recent findings The current data indicate that there are differences in the microbiome in SCZ and bipolar disorder patients as compared with healthy controls. Part of these differences may be induced by medication use, others by smoking and other lifestyle factors. Correlations between microbiome quantification and symptom severity have been observed in cross-sectional studies, but unfortunately, no replicated findings so far. Probiotic supplementation was shown not only to alleviate gastrointestinal complaints but also reduce symptom severity, rehospitalization rates and cognitive improvement. Replication of improvement of cognition is needed. Summary Differences in microbiome have been shown in both SCZ and bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy controls. Evidence that probiotics can improve psychiatric functioning is still very limited. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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