Protection Against CNS-Targeted Rabies Virus Infection is Dependent upon Type-1 Immune Mechanisms Induced by Live-Attenuated Rabies Vaccines
| Autor: | Samantha Garcia, Rhonda B. Kean, Aurore Lebrun, Jianwei Li, D. Craig Hooper |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
rabies vaccine type-1 immunity type-2 immunity lcsh:Medicine medicine.disease_cause Virus 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Rabies vaccine medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Neutralizing antibody Duck embryo vaccine General Immunology and Microbiology biology Rabies virus lcsh:R Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health medicine.disease Virology Vaccination 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Immunization Immunology biology.protein Rabies medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol 2, Iss 3, p 22 (2017) Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease; Volume 2; Issue 3; Pages: 22 |
| ISSN: | 2414-6366 |
| Popis: | Rabies remains a major public health issue worldwide, especially in developing countries where access to medical care can represent a real challenge. While there is still no cure for rabies, it is a vaccine-preventable disease with pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis regimens approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, many rabies-exposed individuals have limited access to vaccines and virus-neutralizing antibodies approved for post-exposure prophylaxis. Unfortunately, any delay in the administration of these reagents can have lethal consequences. This highlights the need to develop cost-effective immunological reagents with a greater window of efficacy. Live-attenuated vaccine strains of rabies virus presents a potential treatment in filling this gap. We show here that immunization with live-attenuated vaccines provide long-lasting rabies immunity, superior to the protection induced by inactivated vaccines. In the absence of an immunostimulatory adjuvant, vaccination with multiple doses of inactivated rabies virus induces a type-2 immune response. This type of immunity is highly effective at inducing neutralizing antibody but has limited efficacy in clearing the virus from central nervous system (CNS) tissues. In contrast, a single infection with live-attenuated rabies vaccine safely drives a type-1 immune response, associated with both the production of a neutralizing antibody and the clearance of wild-type rabies virus from CNS tissues. These results indicate that live-attenuated rabies strains have the potential to be more effective in post-exposure prophylaxis than conventional inactivated vaccines. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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