Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin: The Basic and Clinical Science Underlying Carotenoid-based Nutritional Interventions against Ocular Disease
| Autor: | Aruna Gorusupudi, Preejith P. Vachali, Rajalekshmy Shyam, John M. Nolan, Paul S. Bernstein, Binxing Li, Bradley S. Henriksen |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Lutein genetic structures Eye Diseases Physiology STARD3 Biology Article Antioxidants 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Macular Degeneration 0302 clinical medicine Zeaxanthins medicine Animals Humans Macula Lutea Carotenoid chemistry.chemical_classification food and beverages Haplorhini Macular degeneration medicine.disease Sensory Systems eye diseases Review article Diet Zeaxanthin Ophthalmology 030104 developmental biology Clinical research chemistry Biochemistry 030221 ophthalmology & optometry Meso-zeaxanthin sense organs Retinal Pigments |
| Popis: | The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, while meso-zeaxanthin is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but the basic science and clinical research underlying recommendations for nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases are underappreciated by clinicians and vision researchers alike. In this review article, we first examine the chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, and physiology of these yellow pigments that are specifically concentrated in the macula lutea through the means of high-affinity binding proteins and specialized transport and metabolic proteins where they play important roles as short-wavelength (blue) light-absorbers and localized, efficient antioxidants in a region at high risk for light-induced oxidative stress. Next, we turn to clinical evidence supporting functional benefits of these carotenoids in normal eyes and for their potential protective actions against ocular disease from infancy to old age. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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