A new method for determining levels of sedation in dogs: A pilot study with propofol and a novel neuroactive steroid anesthetic
| Autor: | James J. Doherty, Y. Ueyama, Gabriel M. Belfort, Albert J. Robichaud, W.W. Muir, Jing Dai, Francesco G. Salituro, B.L. Youngblood, R.H. Hammond |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
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Neuroactive steroid Consciousness 040301 veterinary sciences Sedation Conscious Sedation Pilot Projects 0403 veterinary science 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Level of consciousness Dogs 030202 anesthesiology Medicine Animals Hypnotics and Sedatives Propofol Anesthetics Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry General Neuroscience Cardiorespiratory fitness 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Alertness Anesthesia Bispectral index Anesthetic Administration Intravenous Steroids medicine.symptom business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of neuroscience methods. 305 |
| ISSN: | 1872-678X |
| Popis: | Background Different levels of consciousness are required in order to perform different medical procedures. Sedation scales established to objectively define various levels of sedation in humans have not been thoroughly characterized in non-human species. Postural changes in rats or dogs are useful as gross measures of sedation but are inadequate for quantitative assessment since graded levels of sedation are difficult to delineate and obscured by movement abnormalities. New method A new canine sedation scoring (CSS) method was developed based on the modified observer’s assessment of alertness and sedation score (MOAA/S) used in humans. The method employed a combination of physical, auditory and somatosensory stimuli of increasing intensity. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and a neurophysiological measure of sedation (bispectral index: BIS) data were recorded. Validation studies were performed following intravenous loading and constant rate infusion of propofol or a novel synthetic neuroactive steroid (SGE-746). Results Four levels of consciousness were identified: 1) Awake, 2) Moderate Sedation (MS), 3) Deep Sedation (DS) and 4) General Anesthesia (GA). Cardiorespiratory measurements obtained after bolus administration of propofol and SGE-746 and at the end of each CRI remained within normal limits. Canine sedation scores correlated with BIS for SGE-746. SGE-746 exhibited a more gradual exposure-response relationship than propofol. Larger increases in the plasma concentration from awake values were required to achieve different levels of sedation with SGE-746 compared to propofol. Comparison with existing methods No other canine sedation scoring methods are widely accepted. Conclusion A CSS method, based on the human MOAA/S scale defined four levels of consciousness in dogs and provided better resolution of sedation depth than BIS alone. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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