Proviral silencing in embryonic stem cells requires the histone methyltransferase ESET

Autor: Matsui, T., Leung, D., Miyashita, H., Maksakova, I. A., Miyachi, H., Kimura, Hiroshi, Tachibana, M., Lorincz, M. C., Shinkai, Y.
Rok vydání: 2009
Předmět:
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
Methyltransferase
Endogenous retrovirus
Biology
Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28
DNA methyltransferase
Cell Line
DNA Methyltransferase 3A
Mice
Proviruses/*genetics
Proviruses
Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
Animals
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases
Gene Silencing
Protein Methyltransferases
Embryonic Stem Cells/*enzymology/metabolism/*virology
Protein Methyltransferases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
Embryonic Stem Cells
Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
Multidisciplinary
Repressor Proteins/metabolism
Endogenous Retroviruses
Nuclear Proteins
Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
DNA Methylation
Fibroblasts
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics
Molecular biology
Long terminal repeat
Repressor Proteins
Histone methyltransferase
DNA methylation
DNMT1
Histone Methyltransferases
Heterochromatin protein 1
Gene Deletion
DNA Methylation/genetics
Zdroj: Nature. 464(7290)
ISSN: 1476-4687
Popis: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), retrovirus-like elements with long terminal repeats, are widely dispersed in the euchromatic compartment in mammalian cells, comprising approximately 10% of the mouse genome. These parasitic elements are responsible for >10% of spontaneous mutations. Whereas DNA methylation has an important role in proviral silencing in somatic and germ-lineage cells, an additional DNA-methylation-independent pathway also functions in embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem (ES) cells to inhibit transcription of the exogenous gammaretrovirus murine leukaemia virus (MLV). Notably, a recent genome-wide study revealed that ERVs are also marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and H4K20me3 in ES cells but not in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, the role that these marks have in proviral silencing remains unexplored. Here we show that the H3K9 methyltransferase ESET (also called SETDB1 or KMT1E) and the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1, also called TRIM28) are required for H3K9me3 and silencing of endogenous and introduced retroviruses specifically in mouse ES cells. Furthermore, whereas ESET enzymatic activity is crucial for HP1 binding and efficient proviral silencing, the H4K20 methyltransferases Suv420h1 and Suv420h2 are dispensable for silencing. Notably, in DNA methyltransferase triple knockout (Dnmt1(-/-)Dnmt3a(-/-)Dnmt3b(-/-)) mouse ES cells, ESET and KAP1 binding and ESET-mediated H3K9me3 are maintained and ERVs are minimally derepressed. We propose that a DNA-methylation-independent pathway involving KAP1 and ESET/ESET-mediated H3K9me3 is required for proviral silencing during the period early in embryogenesis when DNA methylation is dynamically reprogrammed.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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