Thymol ameliorates ammonium toxicity via repressing polyamine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and modulating ammonium transporters in rice root
| Autor: | Weimin Xu, Li Zhang, Hongwu Bai, Guangchi An, Kai Guo, Jian Chen, Bingdong Pang, Ning Wang, Zhiqi Shi |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
lcsh:TX341-641 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Ammonium Hydrogen peroxide Thymol 030304 developmental biology chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences Reactive oxygen species lcsh:TP368-456 Plant physiology food and beverages Polyamine oxidase Ammonium toxicity lcsh:Food processing and manufacture Biochemistry chemistry Shoot Phytotoxicity Rice lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2661-8974 |
| Popis: | Background Ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth, but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in soil. Excessive ammonium causes phytotoxicity. Thymol is a kind of natural phenolic compound with anti-microbial properties. However, little is known about the role of thymol in modulating plant physiology. Here we find the novel role of thymol in protecting rice from ammonium toxicity. Results Thymol remarkably rescued rice seedlings growth from ammonium stress, which may resulted from the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, oxidative injury, and cell death in both shoots and roots. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) metabolizes polyamines to produce ROS in plants in response to stress conditions. Thymol blocked ammonium-induced upregulation of a set of rice PAOs, which contributed to the decrease in ROS content. In rice seedlings upon ammonium stress, thymol downregulate the expression of ammonium transporters (AMT1;1 and AMT1;2); thymol upregulated the expression of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) and calcineurin B-like binding protein 1 (CBL1), two negative regulators of AMTs. This may help rice avoid ammonium overload in excessive ammonium environment. Correlation analysis indicated that PAOs, AMTs, and CBL1 were the targets of thymol in the detoxification of excessive ammonium. Conclusion Thymol facilitates rice tolerance against ammonium toxicity by decreasing PAO-derived ROS and modulating ammonium transporters. Such findings may be applicable in the modulation of nutrient acquisition during crop production. Graphical abstract |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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