West Nile Virus Epidemic in Germany Triggered by Epizootic Emergence, 2019
| Autor: | Markus Keller, Thomas Grünewald, Philip Eisermann, Pauline Dianne Santos, Kerstin Müller, Monika Rinder, Lars Lachmann, Raskit Lachmann, Martin Beer, Renke Lühken, Ute Ziegler, Carolin Hattendorf, Doreen Werner, Claudia Wylezich, Claudia A. Szentiks, Birke Andrea Tews, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Robert Klopfleisch, Friederike Michel, Christina Frank, Daniel Cadar, Martin Eiden, Dirk Höper, Helge Kampen, Martin H. Groschup, Michael Sieg |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
WNV Infections bird viruses lcsh:QR1-502 medicine.disease_cause Communicable Diseases Emerging Viral Zoonoses lcsh:Microbiology epidemic 0302 clinical medicine epizooty transmission risk Germany Geography Medical Clade Phylogeny horses Incidence (epidemiology) virus diseases 3. Good health Phylogeography Autochthonous Transmission Infectious Diseases Population Surveillance West Nile virus Extrinsic incubation period 030231 tropical medicine Zoology zoonoses human mosquitoes Genome Viral Biology Risk Assessment Article Virus 03 medical and health sciences Virology medicine Animals Humans ddc:610 Epidemics Epizootic Bayes Theorem medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology 610 Medizin und Gesundheit West Nile Fever |
| Zdroj: | Viruses Volume 12 Issue 4 Viruses, 12(4):448 Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 448, p 448 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/v12040448 |
| Popis: | One year after the first autochthonous transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to birds and horses in Germany, an epizootic emergence of WNV was again observed in 2019. The number of infected birds and horses was considerably higher compared to 2018 (12 birds, two horses), resulting in the observation of the first WNV epidemy in Germany: 76 cases in birds, 36 in horses and five confirmed mosquito-borne, autochthonous human cases. We demonstrated that Germany experienced several WNV introduction events and that strains of a distinct group (Eastern German WNV clade), which was introduced to Germany as a single introduction event, dominated mosquito, birds, horse and human-related virus variants in 2018 and 2019. Virus strains in this clade are characterized by a specific-Lys2114Arg mutation, which might lead to an increase in viral fitness. Extraordinary high temperatures in 2018/2019 allowed a low extrinsic incubation period (EIP), which drove the epizootic emergence and, in the end, most likely triggered the 2019 epidemic. Spatiotemporal EIP values correlated with the geographical WNV incidence. This study highlights the risk of a further spread in Germany in the next years with additional human WNV infections. Thus, surveillance of birds is essential to provide an early epidemic warning and thus, initiate targeted control measures. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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