Serological Responses to Toxoplasma gondii and Matrix Antigen 1 Predict the Risk of Subsequent Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
| Autor: | Eric C. Seaberg, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Robert H. Yolken, Otto O. Yang, Valentina Stosor, Jianchun Xiao, Raphael P. Viscidi, Joseph B. Margolick |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Antibodies Protozoan HIV Infections Medical and Health Sciences Serology Cohort Studies 0302 clinical medicine Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine matrix antigen 1 predict biology Biological Sciences serological responses Infectious Diseases Toxoplasmosis Cerebral Protozoan Encephalitis HIV/AIDS Antibody Infection Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis Microbiology (medical) Cerebral 030231 tropical medicine Toxoplasma gondii Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Microbiology Antibodies Vaccine Related 03 medical and health sciences toxoplasmic encephalitis Antigen Clinical Research Humans Online Only Articles business.industry Prevention Inflammatory and immune system HIV Odds ratio biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Emerging Infectious Diseases Immunoglobulin G Case-Control Studies Immunology Nested case-control study biology.protein business |
| Zdroj: | Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, vol 73, iss 7 Clin Infect Dis |
| Popis: | Background Clinically useful predictors for fatal toxoplasmosis are lacking. We investigated the value of serological assays for antibodies to whole Toxoplasma antigens and to peptide antigens of the Toxoplasma cyst matrix antigen 1 (MAG1), for predicting incident toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Methods We performed a nested case control study, conducted within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), using serum samples obtained 2 years prior to diagnosis of TE from 28 cases, and 37 HIV disease-matched Toxoplasma seropositive controls at matched time-points. Sera were tested for Toxoplasma antibodies using a commercial assay and for antibodies to MAG1_4.2 and MAG1_5.2 peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Two years prior to clinical diagnosis, 68% of TE cases were MAG1_4.2 seropositive compared with 16% of controls (odds ratio [OR] 25.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.14–199.18). Corresponding results for MAG1_5.2 seropositivity were 36% and 14% (OR 3.6, 95% CI .95–13.42). Higher levels of antibody to MAG1_4.2 (OR 18.5 per doubling of the optical density [OD] value, 95% CI 1.41–242) and to Toxoplasma (OR 2.91 for each OD unit increase, 95% CI 1.48–5.72) were also associated with the risk of TE. When seropositivity was defined as the presence of MAG1 antibody or relatively high levels of Toxoplasma antibody, the sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 68% for subsequent TE. Conclusions Antibodies to MAG1 showed predictive value on the occurrence of TE in PLWH, and the predictive performance was further improved by adding the levels of Toxoplasma antibody. These measures could be clinically useful for predicting subsequent diseases in multiple at-risk populations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|