The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors
| Autor: | Ruijuan Li, Ji Li, Zi-Neng Huang, Hongling Peng, Hui-Fang Zhang, Heng Li, Le Yin, Cheng Xing, Zhihua Wang, Zhao Cheng |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Medicine (General)
T cell Review Exosomes R5-920 Immune system Antigen Neoplasms Humans Medicine Cytotoxic T cell Tumor business.industry Estrogen receptor binding General Medicine Immune Checkpoint Proteins Immune checkpoint Microvesicles Military Science medicine.anatomical_structure Tumor progression Immune checkpoints Cancer research Immunotherapy business |
| Zdroj: | Military Medical Research Military Medical Research, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2054-9369 |
| Popis: | Targeting immune checkpoints has achieved great therapeutic effects in the treatment of early-stage tumors. However, most patients develop adaptive resistance to this therapy. The latest evidence demonstrates that tumor-derived exosomes may play a key role in systemic immune suppression and tumor progression. In this article, we highlight the role of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumor immunity, with an emphasis on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), as well as emerging evidence on roles of T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), arginase 1 (ARG1), and estrogen receptor binding fragment-associated antigen 9 (EBAG9) expressed by exosomes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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