Cross neutralization of coral snake venoms by commercial Australian snake antivenoms
| Autor: | Ed Carlos Santos e Silva, Henrique Roman Ramos, Patrick Jack Spencer, Ruth Camargo Vassão, Peter Mirtschin, Paulo Lee Ho, Adolfo Rafael de Roodt |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pseudechis food.ingredient Blotting Western Antivenom Snake Bites Zoology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Venom Cross Reactions Toxicology complex mixtures Neutralization Lethal Dose 50 Mice 03 medical and health sciences food Neutralization Tests Animals Micrurus Elapidae Envenomation Coral snake Elapid Venoms Mice Inbred BALB C 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology biology Antivenins Australia General Medicine biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology Female Brazilian coral snake Brazil |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Toxicology. 55:33-39 |
| ISSN: | 1556-9519 1556-3650 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/15563650.2016.1222615 |
| Popis: | Although rare, coral snake envenomation is a serious health threat in Brazil, because of the highly neurotoxic venom and the scarcely available antivenom. The major bottleneck for antivenom production is the low availability of venom. Furthermore, the available serum is not effective against all coral snake species found in Brazil. An alternative to circumvent the lack of venom for serum production and the restricted protection of the actually available antivenom would be of great value. We compared the Brazilian coral snake and mono and polyvalent Australian antivenoms in terms of reactivity and protection.The immunoreactivity of venoms from 9 coral snakes species were assayed by ELISA and western blot using the Brazilian Micrurus and the Australian pentavalent as well as monovalent anti-Notechis, Oxyuranus and Pseudechis antivenoms. Neutralization assays were performed in mice, using 3 LDAll the venoms reacted against the autologous and heterologous antivenoms. Nevertheless, the neutralization assays showed that the coral snake antivenom was only effective against M. corallinus, M. frontalis, M. fulvius, M. nigrocinctus and M. pyrrhocryptus venoms. On the other hand, the Australian pentavalent antivenom neutralized all venoms except the one from M. spixii. A combination of anti-Oxyuranus and Pseudechis monovalent sera, extended the protection to M. altirostris and, partially, to M. ibiboboca. By adding Notechis antivenom to this mixture, we obtained full protection against M. ibiboboca and partial neutralization against M. lemniscatus venoms.Our findings confirm the limited effectiveness of the Brazilian coral snake antivenom and indicate that antivenoms made from Australian snakes venoms are an effective alternative for coral snake bites in South America and also in the United States were coral snake antivenom production has been discontinued. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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