Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications
| Autor: | Eleanor R. Gaunt, Paul Digard |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Genomics
Genome Viral Biochemistry Genome Virus Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences Bias Computational Analyses of RNA Humans RNA Viruses selection bias RNA in Disease Protein‐RNA Recognition Codon Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Genetics 0303 health sciences mutation bias biology viral genome composition Nucleotides 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology RNA RNA virus biology.organism_classification 3. Good health Advanced Review Codon usage bias Viruses Nucleic acid Advanced Reviews Human genome dinucleotides |
| Zdroj: | Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA Wires RNA Gaunt, E & Digard, P 2021, ' Compositional biases in RNA viruses: causes, consequences and applications ', Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA . https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1679 |
| ISSN: | 1757-7012 1757-7004 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/wrna.1679 |
| Popis: | If each of the four nucleotides were represented equally in the genomes of viruses and the hosts they infect, each base would occur at a frequency of 25%. However, this is not observed in nature. Similarly, the order of nucleotides is not random (e.g., in the human genome, guanine follows cytosine at a frequency of ~0.0125, or a quarter the number of times predicted by random representation). Codon usage and codon order are also nonrandom. Furthermore, nucleotide and codon biases vary between species. Such biases have various drivers, including cellular proteins that recognize specific patterns in nucleic acids, that once triggered, induce mutations or invoke intrinsic or innate immune responses. In this review we examine the types of compositional biases identified in viral genomes and current understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning these trends. Finally, we consider the potential for large scale synonymous recoding strategies to engineer RNA virus vaccines, including those with pandemic potential, such as influenza A virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Virus 2. This article is categorized under:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in DiseaseRNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNARNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition Nucleotide sequences in the genomes of viruses and the hosts they infect are highly patterned; this review discusses the causes, consequences and applications of these genomic compositional biases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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