Viviparity and habitat restrictions may influence the evolution of male reproductive genes in tsetse fly (Glossina) species
| Autor: | Francesca Scolari, Lino Ometto, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Davide Carraretto, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Ludvik M. Gomulski, Grazia Savini, Serap Aksoy, Adly M. M. Abd-Alla, Anna R. Malacrida, Giuliano Gasperi |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Trypanosoma Glossina Tsetse Flies Physiology Demographic history QH301-705.5 Allopatric speciation Plant Science General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Structural Biology Adenotrophic viviparity Reproductive biology Testis genes Genetics Animals Biology (General) Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Ecosystem Habitat Male accessory gland genes Selective pressure Viviparity biology Phylogenetic tree Reproductive success Reproduction Contraception/Reproduction Tsetse fly Cell Biology Genomics Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification Good Health and Well Being Settore AGR/11 - ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALE E APPLICATA Evolutionary biology General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biotechnology Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | BMC biology, vol 19, iss 1 BMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021) |
| Popis: | BackgroundGlossinaspecies (tsetse flies), the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, maintained along their long evolutionary history a unique reproductive strategy, adenotrophic viviparity. Viviparity reduces their reproductive rate and, as such, imposes strong selective pressures on males for reproductive success. These species live in sub-Saharan Africa, where the distributions of the main sub-generaFusca,Morsitans, andPalpalisare restricted to forest, savannah, and riverine habitats, respectively. Here we aim at identifying the evolutionary patterns of the male reproductive genes of six species belonging to these three main sub-genera. We then interpreted the different patterns we found across the species in the light of viviparity and the specific habitat restrictions, which are known to shape reproductive behavior.ResultsWe used a comparative genomic approach to build consensus evolutionary trees that portray the selective pressure acting on the male reproductive genes in these lineages. Such trees reflect the long and divergent demographic history that led to an allopatric distribution of theFusca,Morsitans, andPalpalisspecies groups. A dataset of over 1700 male reproductive genes remained conserved over the long evolutionary time scale (estimated at 26.7 million years) across the genomes of the six species. We suggest that this conservation may result from strong functional selective pressure on the male imposed by viviparity. It is noteworthy that more than half of these conserved genes are novel sequences that are unique to theGlossinagenus and are candidates for selection in the different lineages.ConclusionsTsetse flies represent a model to interpret the evolution and differentiation of male reproductive biology under different, but complementary, perspectives. In the light of viviparity, we must take into account that these genes are constrained by a post-fertilization arena for genomic conflicts created by viviparity and absent in ovipositing species. This constraint implies a continuous antagonistic co-evolution between the parental genomes, thus accelerating inter-population post-zygotic isolation and, ultimately, favoring speciation. Ecological restrictions that affect reproductive behavior may further shape such antagonistic co-evolution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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