Indoor Air Pollution and Delayed Measles Vaccination Increase the Risk of Severe Pneumonia in Children: Results from a Case-Control Study in Mwanza, Tanzania
| Autor: | M. Estée Török, Ruth Magawa, Kidola Jeremiah, Crispin Mukerebe, George PrayGod |
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| Přispěvatelé: | PrayGod, George [0000-0002-0329-4839], Jeremiah, Kidola [0000-0001-7900-9689], Török, M Estée [0000-0001-9098-8590], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pediatrics Viral Diseases Pulmonology Organic chemistry lcsh:Medicine Tanzania Deworming Geographical Locations Families 0302 clinical medicine Antibiotics Risk Factors Nasopharynx Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine Public and Occupational Health 030212 general & internal medicine Cooking Prospective Studies Vitamin A lcsh:Science Children Multidisciplinary Under-five biology Antimicrobials Drugs Vitamins Vaccination and Immunization Pollution Vaccination Physical sciences Chemistry Infectious Diseases Air Pollution Indoor Child Preschool Engineering and Technology Female Research Article medicine.medical_specialty Environmental Engineering 030231 tropical medicine Immunology Measles Vaccine Nutritional Status Lower risk Measles Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Chemical compounds Air Pollution Microbial Control Organic compounds Humans Immunization Schedule Pharmacology business.industry lcsh:R Biology and Life Sciences Pneumonia biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Age Groups Case-Control Studies People and Places Africa Population Groupings lcsh:Q Measles vaccine Preventive Medicine business |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e0160804 (2016) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Background Mortality due to severe pneumonia during childhood in resource-constrained settings is high, but data to provide basis for interventions to improve survival are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for severe pneumonia in children aged under five years old in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods We conducted a case-control study of children aged 2 to 59 months at Sekou-Toure regional hospital in Mwanza City, north-western, Tanzania from May 2013 to March 2014. Cases were children with severe pneumonia and controls were children with other illnesses. Data on demography, social-economical status, nutritional status, environmental factors, vaccination status, vitamin A supplementation and deworming, and nasopharyngeal carriage were collected and analysed using logistic regression. Results 117 patients were included in the study. Of these, 45 were cases and 72 controls. Cases were younger than controls, but there were no differences in social-economic or nutritional status between the two groups. In multiple regression, we found that an increased risk of severe pneumonia was associated with cooking indoors (OR 5.5, 95% CI: 1.4, 22.1), and delayed measles vaccination (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 14.8). The lack of vitamin A supplementation in the preceding six month and Enterobacter spp nasopharyngeal carriage were not associated with higher risk of severe pneumonia. Age ≥24 months (OR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.8) and not receiving antibiotics before referral (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1, 0.9) were associated with lower risk for severe pneumonia. Conclusions Indoor air pollution and delayed measles vaccination increase the risk for severe pneumonia among children aged below five years. Interventions to reduce indoor air pollution and to promote timely administration of measles vaccination are urgently needed to reduce the burden of severe pneumonia in children in Tanzania |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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