Pharmacology of Antihistamines
Autor: | Martin K. Church, Diana S. Church |
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Rok vydání: | 2011 |
Předmět: |
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Allergy Sedation Immunology Dermatology Loratadine Pharmacology Levocetirizine H1-antihistamines H 1 -antihistamines lcsh:Dermatology Immunology and Allergy Medicine Dosing fexofenadine Desloratadine Symposium Fexofenadine business.industry desloratadine levocetirizine lcsh:RL1-803 medicine.disease Symptomatic relief Symposium Report Supplement Cetirizine Anesthesia loratadine medicine.symptom hydroxyzine lcsh:RC581-607 business Somnolence medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | World Allergy Organization Journal, Vol 4, Iss, Pp S22-S27 (2011) Indian Journal of Dermatology The World Allergy Organization Journal Indian Journal of Dermatology, Vol 58, Iss 3, Pp 219-224 (2013) |
ISSN: | 1939-4551 |
DOI: | 10.1097/wox.0b013e3181f385d9 |
Popis: | This article reviews the molecular biology of the interaction of histamine with its H1-receptor and describes the concept that H1-antihistamines are not receptor antagonists but are inverse agonists i.e. they produce the opposite effect on the receptor to histamine. It then discourages the use of first-generation H1-antihistamines in clinical practice today for two main reasons. First, they are less effective than second generation H1-antihistamines. Second, they have unwanted side effects, particularly central nervous system and anti-cholinergic effects, and have the potential for causing severe toxic reactions which are not shared by second-generation H1-antihistamines. There are many efficacious and safe second-generation H1-antihistamines on the market for the treatment of allergic disease. Of the three drugs highlighted in this review, levocetirizine and fexofenadine are the most efficacious in humans in vivo. However, levocetirizine may cause somnolence in susceptible individuals while fexofenadine has a relatively short duration of action requiring twice daily administration for full all round daily protection. While desloratadine is less efficacious, it has the advantages of rarely causing somnolence and having a long duration of action. Lastly, all H1-antihistamines have anti-inflammatory effects but it requires regular daily dosing rather than dosing 'on-demand' for this effect to be clinically demonstrable. Keywords: H1-antihistamines, cetirizine, levocetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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