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The paper considers the prospect of using renewable energy sources in the country’s fuel balance. An important source of energy is biomass, which is characterized by renewability, accessibility, versatility, minimal impact on the environment, transportation, accumulation and storage. At the same time, biomass has a number of disadvantages: a heterogeneous structure with a broad fractional composition, with low bulk density and energy density, and high initial humidity, and often ash content. To improve the thermal characteristics and to increase the energy efficiency of using biomass, it is subjected to physical, biochemical or thermochemical conversion. An effective way to improve the thermal characteristics of the original biomass is to compress it in a mixture with other combustible materials, for example, organic waste from agriculture, oil refining, coal, paper industry, which allows, in particular, to solve environmental problems as well. An estimation of the possibility of using organic waste from livestock and poultry farming in a composition with waste biomass of vegetable origin is conducted. The results of calorimetric studies of the calorific value of samples of such composite fuel, based on husk of sunflower seeds are presented. Based on experimental research and calculations, empirical formulas were proposed to calculate the combustion heat of composite fuel, containing a mixture of sunflower husk, sludge, irrigation, chicken droppings and manure. The dependence of the heat of combustion of composite fuel, produced from the waste of the biomass from agricultural production on humidity has been researched. Since briquetted fuel from such wastes has a significant hygroscopicity, it is recommended to provide appropriate conditions for its storage. It is concluded that during the long-term storage of poultry and livestock waste there may be biochemical processes that change the heat of combustion, indicating the need to take into account the terms and conditions of storage of the source components. It is concluded that composite fuel from biomass waste from agricultural production can be a significant component of the country’s fuel balance, saving traditional fossil fuel. In addition, the disposal of these wastes contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution. |
