Exogenous estrogen exposures and changes in diabetic retinopathy. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
| Autor: | B. E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Scot E. Moss |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism medicine.medical_treatment Population Contraceptives Oral Hormonal Risk Factors Internal medicine Diabetes mellitus Internal Medicine Humans Medicine Risk factor education Macular edema Advanced and Specialized Nursing education.field_of_study Diabetic Retinopathy business.industry Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) Estrogen Replacement Therapy Hormone replacement therapy (menopause) Diabetic retinopathy Middle Aged medicine.disease Surgery Disease Progression Female business Follow-Up Studies Retinopathy |
| Zdroj: | Diabetes Care. 22:1984-1987 |
| ISSN: | 1935-5548 0149-5992 |
| DOI: | 10.2337/diacare.22.12.1984 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the use of exogenous estrogen is associated with changes in the severity of diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of macular edema. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study design involved observation of two well-defined cohorts of women with diabetes. One group was diagnosed with diabetes at < 30 years of age and used insulin (younger-onset group), and the other group was diagnosed at > or = 30 years of age with no criteria regarding therapy (older-onset group). Subjects received standard examinations, medical interviews, and retinal photography in 1980-1982. Specific questions about exogenous hormone exposure were added to the study questionnaire at the first follow-up examination 4 years after the baseline examination. Change in the severity of retinopathy 6 and 10 years after the 4-year follow-up examination were examined regarding the use of oral contraceptives at the first follow-up examination in the younger-onset group and at 6 years after the first follow-up examination regarding hormone replacement therapy in the older-onset group. RESULTS: Changes in the severity of retinopathy and incidence of macular edema were unrelated to either type of estrogen exposure in univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the medications used by our population do not affect the severity of diabetic retinopathy or macular edema. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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