Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Cell Entry Is Dependent on CD163 and Uses a Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis-Like Pathway
Autor: | John G. Bernbaum, Thomas C. Friedrich, Adam L. Bailey, Volker Haucke, David H. O’Connor, Peter B. Jahrling, Shuǐqìng Yú, Nicole Deiuliis, Matthew G. Lackemeyer, Yíngyún Caì, Steven Mazur, Tony L. Goldberg, Michael Lauck, Jens H. Kuhn, Elena Postnikova, Adam McCluskey, Phillip J. Robinson, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Victoria Wahl-Jensen |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus
Arterivirus Immunology Antigens Differentiation Myelomonocytic Receptors Cell Surface Endocytosis medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Cell Line Antigens CD Virology Chlorocebus aethiops medicine Animals Dynamin biology Pinocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis Virus Internalization Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus biology.organism_classification Virus-Cell Interactions Cell biology Lassa virus Insect Science Host-Pathogen Interactions Receptors Virus |
Zdroj: | Journal of virology, 89(1): 844-856 Journal of Virology |
ISSN: | 1098-5514 0022-538X |
Popis: | Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes a severe and almost uniformly fatal viral hemorrhagic fever in Asian macaques but is thought to be nonpathogenic for humans. To date, the SHFV life cycle is almost completely uncharacterized on the molecular level. Here, we describe the first steps of the SHFV life cycle. Our experiments indicate that SHFV enters target cells by low-pH-dependent endocytosis. Dynamin inhibitors, chlorpromazine, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, chloroquine, and concanamycin A dramatically reduced SHFV entry efficiency, whereas the macropinocytosis inhibitors EIPA, blebbistatin, and wortmannin and the caveolin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors nystatin and filipin III had no effect. Furthermore, overexpression and knockout study and electron microscopy results indicate that SHFV entry occurs by a dynamin-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis-like pathway. Experiments utilizing latrunculin B, cytochalasin B, and cytochalasin D indicate that SHFV does not hijack the actin polymerization pathway. Treatment of target cells with proteases (proteinase K, papain, α-chymotrypsin, and trypsin) abrogated entry, indicating that the SHFV cell surface receptor is a protein. Phospholipases A2 and D had no effect on SHFV entry. Finally, treatment of cells with antibodies targeting CD163, a cell surface molecule identified as an entry factor for the SHFV-related porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, diminished SHFV replication, identifying CD163 as an important SHFV entry component. IMPORTANCE Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes highly lethal disease in Asian macaques resembling human illness caused by Ebola or Lassa virus. However, little is known about SHFV's ecology and molecular biology and the mechanism by which it causes disease. The results of this study shed light on how SHFV enters its target cells. Using electron microscopy and inhibitors for various cellular pathways, we demonstrate that SHFV invades cells by low-pH-dependent, actin-independent endocytosis, likely with the help of a cellular surface protein. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |