Psychological Disorders in Survivors of Torture: Exhaustion, Impairment and Depression
| Autor: | Thomas Stompe, Siroos Mirzaei, H. Griengl, W. Kieffer, Thomas Wenzel |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2000 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Nosology medicine.medical_specialty Torture Victimology Poison control Middle Aged medicine.disease Suicide prevention Stress Disorders Post-Traumatic Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Injury prevention medicine Humans Female Survivors Dysthymic Disorder Psychology Psychiatry Anxiety disorder Depression (differential diagnoses) Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Psychopathology. 33:292-296 |
| ISSN: | 1423-033X 0254-4962 |
| DOI: | 10.1159/000029160 |
| Popis: | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been described as the characteristic sequel to extreme events in life such as war and especially torture. This limitation to a single approach in regard to diagnosis and treatment has been criticised as being a too narrow concept to describe the effects following extreme events in life, especially as most studies so far were limited to PTSD and a small range of symptoms or disorders. The study presents data on psychiatric disorders in a group of exiled survivors of torture presenting to an out-patient department for psychiatry. A DSM-III-R-based psychiatric interview, including the general assessment of functioning scale (GAF), an open list of symptoms and the Vienna diagnostic criteria in regard to depression were used to evaluate a broader range of possible sequels. The most frequent present diagnosis in 44 patients seen over a period of 3 years was PTSD (n = 40), but criteria for a present diagnosis of other disorders were fulfilled in 34 patients, even years after torture, mainly major depression or dysthymia (n = 26). Criteria for functional psychosis were fulfilled in 4 patients. Many patients reported symptoms not assessed by DSM-III-R criteria, including feelings of shame and guilt, and ruminations on existential fears. The impairment as indicated by the GAF (mean 59.1) correlated best with the presence of the endogenomorphic-depressive axial syndrome, but not with duration of imprisonment, age or other factors. Research on sequels to extreme trauma should not be restricted to a simple diagnosis of PTSD, but should continue to look for a broader conceptualisation, including neglected categories like the axial syndrome, as PTSD is common, but might not be the only factor of importance for research and treatment. ICD-10 might offer a more adequate interpretation of sequels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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