Cross Validation of Two Partitioning-Based Sampling Approaches in Mesocosms Containing PCB Contaminated Field Sediment, Biota, and Activated Carbon Amendment
| Autor: | Stine Nørgaard Schmidt, Philipp Mayer, Upal Ghosh, Alice P. Wang, Allyson H. Wooley, Guilherme R. Lotufo, Robert M. Burgess, Philip T. Gidley, Loretta A. Fernandez |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
In situ
Geologic Sediments Amendment 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Article medicine Animals Environmental Chemistry 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 010401 analytical chemistry Sediment Sampling (statistics) Biota General Chemistry Contamination Polychlorinated Biphenyls 0104 chemical sciences Low-density polyethylene Massachusetts Environmental chemistry Environmental science Water Pollutants Chemical Environmental Monitoring Activated carbon medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 51:9996-10004 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.est.7b01909 |
| Popis: | The Gold Standard for determining freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment interstitial water would be in situ deployment combined with equilibrium sampling, which is generally difficult to achieve. In the present study, ex situ equilibrium sampling with multiple thicknesses of silicone and in situ pre-equilibrium sampling with low density polyethylene (LDPE) loaded with performance reference compounds were applied independently to measure polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mesocosms with (1) New Bedford Harbor sediment (MA, USA), (2) sediment and biota, and (3) activated carbon amended sediment and biota. The aim was to cross validate the two different sampling approaches. Around 100 PCB congeners were quantified in the two sampling polymers, and the results confirmed the good precision of both methods and were in overall good agreement with recently published silicone to LDPE partition ratios. Further, the methods yielded Cfree in good agreement for all three experiments. The average ratio between Cfree determined by the two methods was a factor of 1.4±0.3 (range: 0.6–2.0), and the results thus cross-validated the two sampling approaches. For future investigations, specific aims and requirements in terms of application, data treatment, and data quality requirements should dictate the selection of the most appropriate partitioning-based sampling approach. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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