Associations of Mortality with Long-Term Exposures to Fine and Ultrafine Particles, Species and Sources: Results from the California Teachers Study Cohort

Autor: Michael J. Kleeman, Bart Ostro, Jianlin Hu, Debbie Goldberg, Peggy Reynolds, Leslie R. Bernstein, Andrew Hertz
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Chronic exposure
Adult
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
010501 environmental sciences
Toxicology
Medical and Health Sciences
complex mixtures
01 natural sciences
California
Cohort Studies
Air pollutants
Environmental health
Ultrafine particle
80 and over
Medicine
Humans
Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions
Prospective Studies
Prospective cohort study
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Aged
Proportional Hazards Models
Aged
80 and over
Air Pollutants
business.industry
Extramural
Research
Incidence
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Environmental exposure
Environmental Exposure
Middle Aged
3. Good health
Good Health and Well Being
13. Climate action
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cohort
Female
Particulate Matter
business
Environmental Sciences
Cohort study
Zdroj: Environmental Health Perspectives
Environmental health perspectives, vol 123, iss 6
ISSN: 1552-9924
0091-6765
Popis: Background Although several cohort studies report associations between chronic exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and mortality, few have studied the effects of chronic exposure to ultrafine (UF) particles. In addition, few studies have estimated the effects of the constituents of either PM2.5 or UF particles. Methods We used a statewide cohort of > 100,000 women from the California Teachers Study who were followed from 2001 through 2007. Exposure data at the residential level were provided by a chemical transport model that computed pollutant concentrations from > 900 sources in California. Besides particle mass, monthly concentrations of 11 species and 8 sources or primary particles were generated at 4-km grids. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the association between the pollutants and all-cause, cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and respiratory mortality. Results We observed statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations of IHD with PM2.5 mass, nitrate, elemental carbon (EC), copper (Cu), and secondary organics and the sources gas- and diesel-fueled vehicles, meat cooking, and high-sulfur fuel combustion. The hazard ratio estimate of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.31) for IHD in association with a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 is consistent with findings from the American Cancer Society cohort. We also observed significant positive associations between IHD and several UF components including EC, Cu, metals, and mobile sources. Conclusions Using an emissions-based model with a 4-km spatial scale, we observed significant positive associations between IHD mortality and both fine and ultrafine particle species and sources. Our results suggest that the exposure model effectively measured local exposures and facilitated the examination of the relative toxicity of particle species. Citation Ostro B, Hu J, Goldberg D, Reynolds P, Hertz A, Bernstein L, Kleeman MJ. 2015. Associations of mortality with long-term exposures to fine and ultrafine particles, species and sources: results from the California Teachers Study cohort. Environ Health Perspect 123:549–556; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408565
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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