Productive wetlands restored for carbon sequestration quickly become net CO2 sinks with site-level factors driving uptake variability
| Autor: | Daphne Szutu, Joseph Verfaillie, Whendee L. Silver, Kuno Kasak, Iryna Dronova, Sophie Taddeo, Alex C. Valach, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Tyler L. Anthony, Kyle S. Hemes |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Kang, Hojeong |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Topography
Marsh 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Marine and Aquatic Sciences Fresh Water Wetland 010501 environmental sciences Carbon sequestration 01 natural sciences California Environmental protection Multidisciplinary geography.geographical_feature_category Ecology Covariance Carbon sink food and beverages Vegetation Chemistry Physical Sciences Medicine Seasons Research Article Freshwater Environments Carbon Sequestration Life on Land General Science & Technology Climate Change Science Eddy covariance Marshes Ecosystems Surface Water Ecosystem Ponds 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Landforms geography Ecology and Environmental Sciences Chemical Compounds Aquatic Environments Biology and Life Sciences Geomorphology Random Variables Soil carbon Carbon Dioxide Bodies of Water Probability Theory Floods Wetlands Earth Sciences Environmental science Hydrology Mathematics |
| Zdroj: | PloS one, vol 16, iss 3 PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0248398 (2021) PLoS ONE |
| Popis: | Inundated wetlands can potentially sequester substantial amounts of soil carbon (C) over the long-term because of slow decomposition and high primary productivity, particularly in climates with long growing seasons. Restoring such wetlands may provide one of several effective negative emission technologies to remove atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change. However, there remains considerable uncertainty whether these heterogeneous ecotones are consistent net C sinks and to what degree restoration and management methods affect C sequestration. Since wetland C dynamics are largely driven by climate, it is difficult to draw comparisons across regions. With many restored wetlands having different functional outcomes, we need to better understand the importance of site-specific conditions and how they change over time. We report on 21 site-years of C fluxes using eddy covariance measurements from five restored fresh to brackish wetlands in a Mediterranean climate. The wetlands ranged from 3 to 23 years after restoration and showed that several factors related to restoration methods and site conditions altered the magnitude of C sequestration by affecting vegetation cover and structure. Vegetation established within two years of re-flooding but followed different trajectories depending on design aspects, such as bathymetry-determined water levels, planting methods, and soil nutrients. A minimum of 55% vegetation cover was needed to become a net C sink, which most wetlands achieved once vegetation was established. Established wetlands had a high C sequestration efficiency (i.e. the ratio of net to gross ecosystem productivity) comparable to upland ecosystems but varied between years undergoing boom-bust growth cycles and C uptake strength was susceptible to disturbance events. We highlight the large C sequestration potential of productive inundated marshes, aided by restoration design and management targeted to maximise vegetation extent and minimise disturbance. These findings have important implications for wetland restoration, policy, and management practitioners. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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