New Approach Methods to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollutants: Critical Design Considerations for In Vitro Exposure Testing
| Autor: | Julia E. Rager, Anastasia N. Freedman, Mark Higuchi, Ilona Jaspers, John F. Wambaugh, John T Szilagyi, Jose Zavala |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis air pollution new approach methods lcsh:Medicine Context (language use) Review In vivo toxicity 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Human health Air pollutants Toxicity Tests Animals Humans 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Pollutant Air Pollutants inhalation 0303 health sciences lcsh:R Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Reproducibility of Results risk assessment In vitro exposure in vitro mixtures Toxicity Environmental science Biochemical engineering Risk assessment toxicology |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 2124 (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph17062124 |
| Popis: | Air pollution consists of highly variable and complex mixtures recognized as major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vast number of chemicals, coupled with limitations surrounding epidemiological and animal studies, has necessitated the development of new approach methods (NAMs) to evaluate air pollution toxicity. These alternative approaches include in vitro (cell-based) models, wherein toxicity of test atmospheres can be evaluated with increased efficiency compared to in vivo studies. In vitro exposure systems have recently been developed with the goal of evaluating air pollutant-induced toxicity; though the specific design parameters implemented in these NAMs-based studies remain in flux. This review aims to outline important design parameters to consider when using in vitro methods to evaluate air pollutant toxicity, with the goal of providing increased accuracy, reproducibility, and effectiveness when incorporating in vitro data into human health evaluations. This review is unique in that experimental considerations and lessons learned are provided, as gathered from first-hand experience developing and testing in vitro models coupled to exposure systems. Reviewed design aspects include cell models, cell exposure conditions, exposure chambers, and toxicity endpoints. Strategies are also discussed to incorporate in vitro findings into the context of in vivo toxicity and overall risk assessment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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